Blood test. Blood clotting. Decoding of the blood test: coagulability

Blood is the main nutrient medium of the human body. Continuously circulating in it and supplying the cells with oxygen and all the necessary metabolites, it fulfills its basic functions. In addition, the blood is also protected from the introduction of a variety of pathogens of infectious diseases, as well as preventing bleeding from damage to any vessel. This is provided by a special coagulation system consisting of a complex set of proteins. Now let us dwell on this in more detail.

Structure of hemostasis

It is worth to find out what the hemostasis system is. It consists of two antagonistic components - coagulation and anticoagulation. But at the same time they harmoniously complement each other, so that blood does not change its quality parameters and was able to feed other tissues. The former takes advantage of bleeding when it is necessary to create a thrombus to obturate an open lumen in the vessel wall. The second is activated immediately after the end of the first, thereby preventing increased coagulability and the development of thrombosis with such severe consequences as stroke and myocardial infarction.

Therefore, for many diseases, a general blood test is taken . Blood clotting and bacterial culture is the goal of this study. Based on his data, you can put the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Components in a general blood test

Among the components of the coagulation system, both cells and proteins occupy an important place. First of all, these are thrombocytes, which, in addition to their basic function, also provide the endothelial nutrition that lines all the blood vessels from within. Their number can be determined by passing a clinical general blood test. Clotting, however, depends not only on their number, but also on their quality. Thus, with the inherent failure of the function of these cells, thrombocytopathy develops, which are difficult to identify and are characterized by multiple, difficultly stopping hemorrhages, which can ultimately lead to the death of a person. Another simple component that enters even an expanded clinical blood test is the coagulation time according to Lee-White. It is determined by swinging a test tube with the substrate taken until a dense, non-dissolving clot appears in it.

Characteristics of factors

The proteins that make up the coagulation system are called thirteen factors. Their uniqueness lies in the fact that normally they are in an inactive state, until there is an occasion for their activity, as well as in a complex chain of their launch, in which they themselves act as catalysts for the following reactions. Thus, this system remains relatively isolated. The quality of their work is included in a narrow blood test - "blood clotting", or "coagulogram." It includes a limited number of parameters, but a doctor who knows about them can accurately identify the cause of hemostasis and even the underlying disease. Thus, the interpretation of the blood test "coagulability" occupies an important place in the clinical experience of each specialist, and therefore we will dwell on it in more detail.

Basic indicators of the coagulation system

So, this research includes the following key concepts.

• First . D-dimer is an important indicator of thrombosis, and therefore is used for early diagnosis of thrombosis. Pregnant women are found in high numbers (3-4 times) by the end of gestation, but this is a variant of the norm. Detection of it in a much higher concentration indicates already the pathological course of pregnancy. In addition, its increase is shown in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, hemorrhagic complications, severe infections.
• The second concept . Prothrombin time with parallel calculation of the INR and PTI index (prothrombin index) characterizes the state of the blood coagulation system and is measured by the method of coagulometry and by formulas. It is determined both for evaluation of hemostasis and for treatment with indirect anticoagulants.
• Third. Fibrinogen is a complex protein. Is the backbone for the formation of a blood clot - a clot. Its increase is accompanied by hepatitis, kidney disease, myocardial infarction, radiation sickness, malignant tumors. However, it is also observed during pregnancy, during menstruation, as well as when taking oral contraceptives with a predominant estrogen component.

Indicators of anticoagulation

• The fourth concept . Lupus coagulant is a group of antibodies to its own platelets, which is a manifestation of a severe autoimmune process. It is more often found in pathology in pregnancy, i.e. with gestosis. Its presence explains their severe hemodynamic disorders - edema, arterial pressure, a high probability of spontaneous miscarriage. Therefore, a blood test "blood coagulability" is performed by all pregnant women to exclude this parameter.
• Fifth. Antithrombin-3, in contrast, is an anti-coagulation system protein and a thrombin inhibitor. If a patient gives a blood test "blood coagulability" and receives a decrease in this component in the results, then this indicates a risk of developing thrombosis. Also, the definition of antithrombin-3 is important for controlling patients who have been receiving anticoagulant drugs for a long time (drugs "TromboAss", "Cardiomagnolo", "Klopidogrel").

Summing up

In addition to the above, there is an APTT indicator, which most clearly reflects the sufficient / scarce number of clotting factors. Therefore, its definition is most important in hemophilia of various genesis, von Willebrand's disease, in the presence of coagulation inhibitors or excessive intake of anticoagulants. It should be noted that the blood test for clotting can only be done according to the indications. However, if you suspect a violation of the hemostasis system, you should urgently consult a doctor.