Berggolts Olga Fedorovna: biography (briefly)

The name of Olga Berggolts is known to every inhabitant of our vast country, especially Petersburgers. After all, she is not just a Russian poet, she is a living symbol of the blockade of Leningrad. A lot had to be experienced by this strong woman. Her brief biography will be covered in the article.

Childhood and youth

Born Berglolts Olga Fedorovna in the late spring of 1910 in St. Petersburg. Her father, Fyodor Khristoforovich, was a surgeon. Olga also had a younger sister, Maria. After the revolution, the Berggolts family moved to Uglich, because it was troubled in Petrograd. The father of the family participated in the fighting. Mother Mary Timofeevna lived with her daughters for more than two years in the former Epiphany Monastery. Already in her old age Olga with warmth remembered those times and the anxiety with which they left back to Petrograd after the father returned from the war.

The Berggolts lived on the very outskirts of the Nevsky outpost. In 1926, Olga graduated from the labor school. A year before, in one of the literary associations, I met Boris Kornilov, a poet and my future husband. Together with him, she studied at the Institute of Art History.

It is with Kornilov that one of the tragedies of the difficult life of the poet is connected. In 1928 they were married, in a few months the couple had a daughter, Irina. The girl died at the age of eight from heart disease. Boris himself in February 1938 was shot on a far-fetched charge.

1930s

Since 1930, she studied at the Leningrad University Philology Department. I went to Vladikavkaz for practice, where I spent half the summer and autumn working in the newspaper Vlast Truda.

In the same year she divorced B. Kornilov and married Nikolai Molchanov. Olga Berggolts, whose biography is full of tragic events, survived and her second husband. He died in 1942 in Leningrad from hunger.

After graduation from the university, he is sent to Kazakhstan, where he works as a correspondent in the newspaper Sovetskaya Step. After returning to Leningrad until 1934, she worked in the newspaper Electrosila.

In 1932, Olga and Nicholas were born Maya's daughter, but this motherhood was tragic. Baby died a year later.

In 1934, the poetess was admitted to the Writers' Union, from which they were expelled several times, and then reinstated.

In December 1938, Berggolts Olga was arrested on charges of having links with the enemies of the people. At the time of her arrest, she was pregnant. But this did not prevent her torturers from carrying out torture. After all the beatings, the poetess in the prison hospital gave birth to a dead child.

Six months after his arrest, she was released and completely rehabilitated.

Years of the Great Patriotic War

In 1940, joined the CPSU (b). The news of the beginning of the war caught Olga in Leningrad. She immediately came to the local branch of the Writers' Union and offered her help. V. Ketlinskaya, the head of the department, sent Olga Berggolts to the radio. Throughout the blockade, the quiet voice of the poetess supported the victorious spirit in the Leningraders, her poems inspired hope.

It was Berggolts who became the personification of the fortitude of the blockade. In November 1941, she and her husband were preparing for the evacuation, but Molchanov died, and Olga decided to share the fate of the townspeople, remaining in Leningrad. Her best works were born here. "Leningrad Poem" Olga Berggolts devoted to the defenders of the city and its courageous inhabitants.

At the end of 1942, she was able to visit Moscow. In those days the poet desperately missed her native city and with all her heart she tried to get back. No goodness in the form of hot food, baths and other things could not stop it.

It was Berggolts Olga Fedorovna who informed the Leningraders in 1943 of the joyful news about the breakthrough of the blockade.

In the summer of 1942, the poet received a medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". After the war, it was her words that were carved on the granite slab of the memorial cemetery: "... nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten."

last years of life

In 1949, she married for the third time. The chosen one was Olga Makogonenko, a literary critic and critic. In the post-war period, the poet worked a lot, went on business trips. After the trip to Sevastopol she wrote the tragedy "Fidelity".

In 1951, Olga Berggolts was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. Bitter poetry met the death of JV Stalin.

In 1962 she divorced from Makogonenko. The last years of life, in fact, were alone. Nearby was only her sister Maria, who helped in everything and always.

Death

Death overtook the poetess on November 13, 1975. Berggolz passed away at the age of 65.

She was buried at the Volkov cemetery, although it was originally planned that the coffin with the body would be taken to Piskarevskoye. Many townspeople did not manage to say goodbye to their favorite poetess, since the obituary was printed in the newspaper only on the day of burial.

The authorities did so that there was not a lot of people at the coffin, they were afraid of speeches, because so much evil they inflicted on Berggolts. In the end they achieved what they wanted. Speech was delivered by E. Serebrovskaya, which Olga could not stand for meanness and constant denunciations of writers and poets. D. Granin, recalling the day of farewell to Berggolts, said that it was a cowardly funeral, instead of sadness and grateful memory of the poetess got only the malice of her ill-wishers.

Creation

The first poem was published in 1925. Originally Olga Berggolts, whose biography is rather tragic, positioned herself as a children's poet. She received praise from K. Chukovsky.

The war years changed everything in her life. It was then that she found herself and went on the right creative path. Olga Berggolts, poems about the war which gave hope and faith, became a symbol of invincibility.

Among her best works are the "February Diary", "The Leningrad Poem", "The Day Stars". After death, diaries of the poetess were published, which are of great value and store many happy and painful memories.