Belarusian national costumes (photo). Belarusian national costume with their own hands

Features of a culture generate national symbols. They are the property of the people and are sacredly preserved, passed down from generation to generation. There are such symbols among the Belarusians. One of them is a national costume. And today it can be seen at a variety of events. Girls in Belarusian national costumes are certainly present at official ceremonies of state scale. In this dress folklore collectives and some variety singers act.

Thus, the Belarusian national costume (see photo below) is the most original and valuable component of the cultural heritage of the people.

Key Features

As a result of the conducted researches it was found out that on the territory of Belarus there are about thirty varieties of folk costumes. This clothing can be seen in some villages of the country. Belarusian national costumes are still kept in grandmother's trunks as a family heirloom. Linen aprons and shirts, sleeveless jackets, hats and skirts - all this surprises us with its beauty, artistic measure, harmony and expediency.

Belarusian national costumes have their own characteristics. They are distinguished by compositional completeness and virtuosic processing of all details, as well as a combination of practicality and decorative.

The artistic image created by the Belarusian national costume is complicated by ornamental ornaments. This applique and lace, patterned weaving and embroidery, which are located on the sleeves, collar, apron and hats.

Fabrics

In the old days, Belarusian national costumes were made of canvas woven of wool and flax, as well as nettles and hemp. Due to this variety of raw material, both coarser fabrics and finest fabrics (for shirts) were obtained. Often the nobles sewed costumes from overseas material. He was brought from the West and the East. The peasants weaved the canvas themselves. They painted it with the help of kidneys and bark of trees, roots of herbs and plants, berries and wildflowers.

The Belarusian national costume has an extraordinary stability of traditions. This is one of its most important characteristics. Over the centuries, such clothing has kept the unchanging cut of individual items, its shape and some attributes passed down from generation to generation since the heathen times. For hundreds of years, the technology of making fabrics has remained unchanged.

Men's suit

The national dress of the strong half of humanity included:
- shirt with embroidery on the bottom and collar;
- pants;
- Waistcoat;
- Leggings (waist clothes).

Belarussian men's national costume is not very complicated in its cut. A linen shirt was sewn in the form of a tunic with a low stand-up collar and long sleeves. Pockets in it were missing. Instead, they had a small leather bag worn over their shoulders. The shirt, which was always worn out, belted a colored belt.

Portraits are another detail of the national men's suit of Belarusians. For poorer people, they were sewed from flax. Rich men wore over one more pants - silk.

An important detail of the Belarusian national costume is a brewerk. This is a single-breasted jacket for men, made of homespun cloth. On the front there are two overlaid and the same number of slotted pockets. The back is modeled with a scalloped yoke and is decorated with a hood.

Side and collar turn-down. The straight sleeve at the bottom is often trimmed with a button pad. In the late 19 - early 20 centuries. Such a jacket was worn only by small gentry and well-to-do peasants.

Part of the Belarusian national costume was the summer men's sleeveless jacket. It was called kamizelka (from the word "camisole"). They sewed such a sleeveless jacket of homespun cloth.

During the winter, Belarusians wore sheepskin casing. Well-off people wore them with expensive cloth and decorated with appliqués and embroidery. The richest preferred to wear fur coats. There was also outer clothing made of cloth. They called her differently: "kireya" or "chuya", "epancha" or "burka".

Headdresses for men

This detail of national clothes was very diverse. In the summer, the Belarusians wore straw straw, and in the winter - a fur hat ablavuhu. In the off-season from the cold rescued mugger, made of felted wool. Often the headgears of domestic sheepskin were sewn.

Muzhiks-Belarusians often wore ablauvu in winter weather. This fur hat was sewn not only from sheepskin, but from hare, as well as fox fur. Above on the ablukha was a dark cloth. From the bottom to this headdress sewed four "ear". Two of them (front and back) were tied on the vertex, and lateral ones - under the chin. From the second half of the 19th century. Among the Belarusians got a spread of cap. This was the headpiece with a varnished visor.

Woman suit

In contrast to men, this clothing was very diverse. The Belarusian national women's costume could consist of different items. There are four main sets of such clothes. Among them:

- with apron and skirt;
- with apron, skirt and garset (sleeveless);
- with a skirt that is sewn with the bodice;
- with apron, sleeveless and panel.

Belarusian national costumes, which include the first two sets, are known throughout the country. The rest were worn only in the territories of the northeastern and eastern regions.

Female Belarussian national costume (photos presented in the article) provided for wearing over the shirt the ponies. This detail was three cloth pieces sewn together. From above, they gathered a cord that was pulled together under the belly or at the waist. Poneva could be swinging (open side or front), as well as closed. The colors of this part of the costume could be different. Often ponevu decorated with an ornament.

In the women's national costume, there could be a shirt with a coquette, with straight inserts on the shoulders or a tunic. But here it was not without embroideries. They certainly decorated the sleeves.

A great variety of different and waistcoats. They were skirts of different styles - summer, sajan, andarak or palatnyanik. The waistcoats also included aprons and panels.

The skirts in the women's national costume of Belarus were made, usually from the material of red and blue-green color, which adorned the gray-white cell or the transverse and longitudinal bands. Laces were always sewn on aprons. They were decorated with embroidered patterns and folds. No sleeveless or dresses had appliques and laces. They attracted attention with decorative strips and embroidery. Garcet was part of festive clothing. It was made of brocade, velvet or chintz of different colors. No sleeves had either a straight cut to the waist, or were elongated, having wedges.

In cold winters, women wore red or white hides. Sometimes they were warmed and wool scrolls. However, the shepherd casing used the greatest popularity among Belarusians. He had a straight cut and a big collar of a turndown type. The bottom of the sleeves and the hem were lined with a strip of sheepskin, applying it in such a way that the wool was outside.

Hats for women

This detail of the national costume was of great ritual and social importance. The headgear was easy to determine the age of the woman, her family and financial situation. It was used in many rituals and rituals. For example, at the wedding, the bride was solemnly changed her girl's headdress to female.

Unmarried Belarusians wore multi-colored narrow ribbons and wreaths. Women had to hide their hair under a handkerchief or nametka. In well-to-do families, ladies wore headdresses made of a thin expensive linen decorated with lace, as well as embroidery of silver and gold threads. The poorer women had to be content with scarves made of cheap fabrics with simple embroidery. However, the variety of ornament remained at the same time as rich.

Clothing of urban residents

Fashion in the peasant environment was quite conservative. Here the Belarusians firmly adhered to the antiquated customs, which helped preserve national traditions for many centuries.

As for the costumes of the townspeople, they had a great variety of styles and were sewed from various materials. These were products made from linen and woolen, and also from imported fabrics.

In winter, Belarusians who lived in the city, went in fur coats, sheepskin coats, or shoulder pads of bear, goat or sheep fur. The more affluent sections of society allowed themselves to wear outerwear from beaver, wolf and fox skins.

Ladies preferred to wear long dresses of European style, with a fitted style and narrow sleeves. Popular female ornaments were glass bracelets and rings. Often city women wore colts. These are hollow items in the form of a star or circle, inside of which was placed a piece of cloth, moistened in some aromatic oil.

Design of a national costume

The clothes of the Belarusians were, as a rule, white. For decoration, it was embroidered with an ornamental pattern of red color, creating a single composition of the image. Initially, all the drawings were only geometric.

Then they included plant elements. The ornament was necessarily present at the collar, sleeves, apron and headdress. Costumes were made using embroidery, lace and appliqués.

Shirt

For many women, it is not difficult to sew a Belarusian national costume with their own hands . Let's start the description of this process from the shirt. For sewing this element of the costume, the back and front shirts of the shirt must be joined using rectangular inserts - polishes. In this case, a rectangular neck should form in the center. Next, it is collected in small folds and pulled together so that the neckline covers the neck. Then a collar-stand of a rectangular shape is sewed into the neck. The incision of the sinus, which is formed from the front, is covered by the front. At the next stage, sleeves are sewn into the armholes of the shirt. In the upper part they are decorated with a decorative ribbed seam-roller. At the bottom of the sleeves, assembly is made, and a cuff is sewn to them.

Next, the shirt is decorated with embroidery. It should be present on the cuffs and at the top of the sleeve, on the polishes, shirt-front and collar.

Apron

This detail of the Belarusian national costume is made from one shelf. The decoration of the apron is embroidery, consisting of three horizontal stripes, the width of which increases to the bottom. Above, the apron is assembled into a fine crease and has a sewn belt. The lower edge of this costume is decorated with crocheted lace.

Skirt

When cutting this belt, two cloths are used. They are joined together, collected at the top in a fine crease and sew up the belt. For a skirt you can take a linen or woolen cloth of red, blue or green color. In this case, the canvas can be monophonic, checkered or striped.

Brightly embroidered shirt, apron and skirt is a national Belarusian costume for a girl. For the boy, he will consist of a kosovorotki with a geometric ornament along the edge of the sleeve, collar and strap, brown trousers sewn from the fabric into a small strip, as well as belts in the form of a twisted cord.