Automation of sound "P" in words and sentences. Speech therapy exercises

One of the most common reasons with which a speech therapist is addressed is that the child does not pronounce the "P" sound. Parents are worried that their baby will always "bang", but it is not. If you intentionally deal with correcting the sound quality, you can get a beautiful sound. Violations can be different - it skips the sound, distorts it or replaces it. In order to begin corrective work, you need to know the causes of violation of sound. Consider in the article how to put the sound of "P".

The causes of the violation of pronunciation "P"

1. Short hyoid frenum. Solve this problem in 2 ways: prune a bridle (the surgeon performs the operation) and pick up articulatory exercises that help her stretch.
2. Violation of the tone of the tongue. This is the most common reason. The articulation of the sound "P" is quite complicated, and the language should be well prepared to pronounce this sound.
3. Weak exhalation. During the pronunciation of "P", the tongue vibrates (it is because of the vibration that the "growl" is obtained), and this becomes possible if the child has a strong exhalation.

Articulatory Exercises

Before you put the sound "P", you need to prepare the articulatory apparatus with special exercises that are aimed at improving the tone of the tongue and working out the right way for this sound. Here are some examples of exercises:

• "Spatula" - a broad tongue lies on the lower lip. It is aimed at normalizing the tone of the tongue.
• "Needle" - a narrow tongue to pull down, as if trying to reach the chin. This exercise is also necessary to improve the tone of the tongue.
• "Calyx" - the tip and lateral edges of the tongue to lift upwards, so that it would look like a "cup". This is the basic exercise for forming the upper tongue lift.
• "Fungus" - the front part of the tongue "clings" to the palate, at this time it is necessary to raise and lower the lower jaw. This is an exercise for stretching the hyoid frenum.
• "Drummers" - to pronounce repeatedly the sound of "D", gradually speeding up the pronunciation. The main thing is that the sound should be clear.

These are the most basic exercises for sound production.

The sound of "P"

It is carried out in several ways. Do not think that the production will happen quickly. Everything depends on the individual characteristics of the child and on how well his articulatory apparatus is well prepared.

1. From the exercise "Drummers." This method is also called "Start a motor." This is based on the same exercise. You need to take a cotton swab and, when the child says "ddd", blanch the tip of the tongue with movements from side to side. It should turn out "DR", then with this combination it is necessary to begin automation.
2. From the exercise "Fungus". Here the child is already independently, without any mechanical help, trying to say "P". The adult asks him to blow hard at the tip of the tongue to make a sound.

There are a lot of ways of setting the sound. But these two methods are the most common, one might even say, classical.

Automation of sound "P" in syllables

After the sound was delivered, we must immediately move on to automating the sound of "P". The fastening is based on the principle of "from simple to complex." Work always begins with syllables. The choice of speech material depends on how the setting was used. If the sound is "D", then automation begins with such syllables:

• DRA, DRO, DRU, DRY.
• TPA, TRO, TRU, TRA.

If the sound is due to the second method, then the following types of combinations should be taken:

• RA, RO, RU, RY.
• AR, OR, UR, IR.

When one group of syllables is automated (the child will not make mistakes in pronunciation), one should proceed to the words.

Stitching in words

The next step in automation is the development of sound in words. Words containing the spent syllable are always chosen, otherwise the child can make a mistake. Another important nuance for verbal selection is its availability for the child, i.e. He must understand what this word means. Otherwise, it will not be more about how to pronounce the sound correctly, but about finding the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Below you will find examples of words that are recommended to take at the initial stage.

Many admit the following error: only nouns are practiced, and adjectives and verbs are forgotten. They also need to be included in the automation process, because not all children can freely form them from nouns.

Words on "RA"

• CANCER;
• FRAME;
• RAINBOW;
• JOB;
• ROCKET;
• STORY;
• SHELL;
• REJOICE;
• RAINBOW.

Types of jobs

In addition to the repetition of words, other types of work are used to automate sound in words, which have a positive effect not only on pronunciation, but also contribute to the development of phonemic hearing, sound analysis and synthesis. For example:

• To invent words for a certain syllable;
• Compose a word from the letters (this is for older children of preschool age);
• Determine where the sound is in the word: at the beginning, middle or end.

After a few words have been worked out, it is necessary to proceed to the fixation in the word-combinations. Be careful: many miss this stage, because they do not consider it necessary. In fact, it just serves as a smooth transition from the utterance of individual words to sentences.

The automation of the "P" sound in words and sentences must be simultaneous - it is not necessary to work with only one syllable and one words. If you work on this principle, the automation process will be delayed. In the class on automation of sound "P", the following should be included:

• A new syllable;
• Another syllable in words, phrases and sentences.

Fixing sound in sentences

In general, the stage of automation of "P" sound in words and sentences is one of the most extensive, because the choice of speech material is expanding. And you need to be very careful: after all, after the proposal is the most difficult for the child and parents stage - the introduction of sound in a coherent speech of the child. Therefore, it is very important that the automation of the sound "P" in words and sentences be carried out qualitatively. At the very beginning of the work with the proposals, it is necessary to try to include in the work as much as possible the worked words. It is necessary that the sentence be filled with the sound "P", for example:

Paradise was pleased with the rainbow.

Raya had roses.

The Rose has a fish in her hands.

Gradually, the sentences are extended and the number of words with the "P" sound is reduced, because in ordinary speech, people do not use such rich sentences.

Then you can complicate the task: ask the child to independently formulate sentences from selected words. This helps not only in correcting the sound reproduction, but also contributes to the development of the grammatical system and the formation of coherent speech.

A good exercise will be to make a proposal for pictures or a short story. Pictures should be clear to the child and contain worked words. This exercise is already aimed not just at automating the sound in the sentence, but also on the formation of coherent speech.

Differentiation of sounds

This stage of work is not necessary, but it is necessary in those cases when the child confuses "R" and "L" in his speech . When pronouncing the language is in their position, so they can confuse them. Another such often occurs when in the children's speech sound "P" was not, and he replaced it with a simpler "L".

As always, work begins with syllables. Take syllables with alternation:

• RA-LA-RA;
• LA-LA-RA;
• RA-RA-LA.

When the combinations of syllables are pronounced unmistakably, words are taken in which there are both "P" and "L", for example: crocodile, marmalade, corals. It is good after syllables to take tongue twisters and tongue twisters, which at the very beginning need to be spoken slowly, gradually speeding up the pace, but that the pronunciation of all sounds should remain pure. While the alternation of "P" - "L" is not worked out, it is not recommended in the proposals to include words in which there would be a sound "L".

Not all parents are ready to do independently the production and automation of the sound "P" in words and sentences. For many adults, this work seems very difficult. In this case, the services of a speech therapist will be useful. Now it's hard to get into classes for a speech therapist who works in a kindergarten. Many parents are very much helped by the speech therapy center.

Speech therapist will conduct diagnostics, determine the level of speech development of the child and establish the reason for which there was a violation of sound. Based on the information received, a corrective work plan is drawn up, which takes into account the individual capabilities of the child. Parents also need to deal with it at home, especially during automation, because this is the time when the child has self-control over speech.

How long can the "P" sound be automated? Sound "P" is considered one of the most difficult articulation sounds, requiring large (for the baby) effort. Therefore, no expert will give an exact answer to this question. Here everything depends on how carefully parents will follow the speech of the child and how well the speech material will be selected. It also plays a big role when corrective work was started: the earlier, the faster automation will be.

Not everyone has the opportunity to use the services of a speech therapist. For some parents, they simply can not afford it. It is not always possible to attend a speech therapy center. Types of work, briefly described above, will help parents to automatically automate the child's correct sound "P". The main thing is to be patient, the baby needs your support in this period. Then he will have the correct sound and beautiful speech!