Arts & Entertainment, Art
Artist Karl Bryullov: biography, personal life, creativity
Karl Pavlovich Bryullov (1799 - 1852) - the great Karl - so still during his lifetime was called by the contemporaries of the painter. His name was put on a par with the names of the best portrait painters of Flanders. And Emperor Nicholas I came to such admiration from one of his works that he awarded him a diamond ring.
French roots
The profession of artists in the Briullo family was hereditary: great-grandfather, grandfather, father - all were in the shop of artists. Father, academician and teacher, was the first teacher of his children. The mother of the future painter had a maiden name Schroeder, coming from a Russified German family.
Years of study (1809 - 1821)
For twelve years he studied at the Academy Karl Bryullov. His biography in those years, thanks to his unique talent and serious home studies, was more than happy: he stood out among classmates. Education was based on the principles of classicism. The sequence of training, now lost, was unshakable. To drawing living nature came after a number of long stages of training: copying of originals (still lifes and figured compositions), drawing from plaster casts, then - mannequins in draperies "for people".
Karl was always ahead of his peers. The boy genuinely loved classicism, in which the real was subordinated to the ideal, where there was no room for excitement and hectic world. But a living life with its political passions and the beauty of living nature invaded the world of the idealist. And in his first film "Narcissus" (1819), he went beyond the conditional framework that was asked by the Academy. And for the competitive picture, which he fulfilled, observing all the canons, Briullov received a gold medal.
Trip to Italy
The newly created Society for the Encouragement of Artists sends two brothers, Charles and Alexander, to Rome. Before you a portrait of Alexander Bryullov in those years.
Florence and, finally, Rome completely stunned and captivated the novice artist. Most of all he admires Raphael and Leonardo, but also notices that the country is uneasy. In it, the liberation movement is ripening. Freedom is what attracts all the people of the country. No one picture at this time Bryullov can not bring to the end - in the head does not fit into a harmonious system everything that he sees. But it does about 120 portraits. All his models are beautiful, without exception. For example, "Portrait of E.P. Gagarina with her sons Eugene, Leo and Theophilus "(1824).
The ceremonial portrait (1832)
This is a pair portrait painting, which depicts Giovannina and Amaccilia Paccini. He is known as the painting "Horseman". The Italians immediately started talking about the young Russian painter. Enthusiastic Italian critics praised everything in the picture - the virtuosity with which it was written, a delicate and rich palette. They were struck by the natural grace of movements and poses, plastic completeness. Many of them believed that the painting "The Horsewoman" was marked with genius.
The whole world is beautiful under the brush of the master. Little Amalie is designed to shade the confidence of the horse's control and the calmness of her sister. Amaliex looks at the magnificent Amazon gullibly, gently, with amazement. Two small dogs also meet a young, charming rider. On a shaggy doggie a collar with the inscription "Samoilov", written in Latin. The charm of youth, its brave tenderness and confidence we see in this portrait. It is impossible not to place a portrait of the customer, Yu. Samoilova, who always inspired the painter.
Historical picture
In parallel with the creation of portraits, watercolors, small Italian landscapes, Bryullov Karl, whose works combined elements of classicism, realism and baroque, conceived as far back as 1827 a large, grandiose historical painting and in 1830 begins to implement it. The thing is, the artist visited the excavations in Pompeii. He was stunned by the extent to which the remains of the ancient city were preserved. Pompeii were alive, only merchants in shops were lacking, residents who go about their business in the streets, rest at home or sit in pubs.
The idea of painting "The Last Day of Pompeii" Brullov Carl hatched for three years. At that time he read a lot of eyewitnesses' letters. The aesthetics of romanticism, which was now filled with the artist, required credibility. To some extent, he was influenced by his friendship with the composer Paccini, who wrote the opera The Last Day of Pompeii. Bryullov Karl heard her, and she also introduced him food for thought and fantasy. In addition, he, deified by Raphael, was inspired by his multi-figure frescoes in the Vatican. The plasticity of his characters, the rhythm of the organization of movement and a variety of gestures is the school of Raphael. However, the color that he will use, the painter will podcherpnet in the richness of the color of Titian. He develops a special female type - strong, strong, passionate and unusually beautiful. His muse was Countess Yu. Samoilov, whose appearance in the picture he will write three times.
Day of catastrophe
The greatness of the fateful moment is reflected in the canvas. This last black and scarlet day is terrible.
The figures are simply sculptural. Still no one believes that this is their last fatal minute. But all the good gods called them to this lofty, terrible sight. People will drink the full cup of suffering that was sent to them. Bryullov clothed in the classic form of experience that people experience in the picture. All the shades of their feelings, which the artist expressed - this is pure romanticism.
Success in Italy was unusually large. And Paris did not appreciate this work, but Russia met this painting with triumph. Both A. Pushkin and E. Baratynsky responded to it. Gogol, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, Belinsky, Kiichelbecker - all highly appreciate this work. And the people went to the exhibition - townspeople, craftsmen, artisans, merchants. And Emperor Nicholas I at a personal audience, which will take place later, will crown the artist's head with a laurel wreath.
Homecoming
After the creation of the majestic canvas, at the request of Emperor Nicholas I, the artist Karl Bryullov, after visiting Greece, Constantinople and Moscow, returned to St. Petersburg. But he got ill dear, and the return stretched for almost three years. On the way, the painter worked hard. So he wrote in 1835 a portrait of Vice-Admiral VA. Kornilov, the future hero of the Crimean War.
In St. Petersburg (1836 - 1849)
At this time he taught at the Academy and wrote many portraits. We are familiar with his works by N.V. Kukolnik, V.A. Zhukovsky, I.A. Krylov is all contemporaries of Karl Bryullov. Their portraits will be painted by the artist. Will make an illustration to "Svetlana" VA. Zhukovsky. Great Bulls Carl will not create more historical canvases. The works and achievements of the last period of life lie in the field of portrait. Nestor Kukolnik - a man whom the artist loved and considered his close friend, even in the portrait will show his not the best qualities, so deeply the artist will be able to look into his inner world.
Marriage
In 1838, Karl Pavlovich Bryullov met and a year later married Emilia Timm. Within a month the joint life of the spouses proved to be impossible. A long divorce proceeded. Karl Bryullov, whose biography so abruptly fluctuated, was rejected by society. Consolation for him was a meeting with Julia Samoilova, who came from Italy on business related to the inheritance. For himself, he writes her ceremonial portrait.
Karl Bryullov: Self-Portrait (1848)
Working on the paintings of St. Isaac's Cathedral, which was still being built, Bryullov fell seriously ill. He received rheumatism, which gave complications to the heart. He was prescribed a bed rest and complete rest. Communication was reduced to a minimum - it was visited only by doctors.
Creativity of Karl Bryullov
The last years of life (1849 - 1852) on the recommendations of doctors Bryullov will spend abroad. He is treated on the island of Madeira, then moves to Italy. He lives in the family of his companion Garibaldi. The ideas of the struggle for freedom are picked up by the artist. Again, despite heart failure, he works a lot. Academic canons are pushed aside. The enthusiasm that has engulfed the country is manifested in the portrait of Juliet Tittoni, which is depicted in lats. This is the Italian Jeanne d'Arc.
The artist creates a gallery of images of struggling Italy. Belief in himself and his strength returned to him . But he can not know how little time is left for him. Having passed the long path of fascination with academism in his youth, having moved to the romantic perception of the world and the joyful chanting of Beauty, and in later years approached realism, Karl Bryullov, in short, making for Russian art unusually many, especially in the field of portrait, did not manage to reveal all his creative potential.
His heart refused, and he died at night in a gasp. The Russian genius is buried in Italy, in a small place near Rome, in a Protestant cemetery. In this year 1852, Russia lost VA. Zhukovsky, N.V. Gogol, the best student of Bryullov P. Fedotov.
As far as possible, the article describes the paintings of Karl Bryullov. His creations speak with us in bright, accessible language. Enter the world created by the painter, and you will be enchanted by love and beauty, which the master praised.
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