Antibiotic "Amoxil": instructions for use, reviews

For many millennia before man appeared on Earth, the entire surface of our planet was inhabited by various microorganisms. Since then, they live side by side - a person and a microflora. And among the hundreds of thousands of different groups of bacteria there are those without which a person simply could not exist. And on the contrary, the neighborhood with some microorganisms can seriously threaten human health, and even his life. It is for the fight against the latter that microbiologists and scientists develop special medications called antibiotics. One of these drugs is "Amoxil", the instruction for its use describes it as a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics

The main active substance of "Amoxil" is amoxicillin trihydrate. As auxiliary components, calcium stearate, potato starch and low molecular weight medical polyvinylpyrrolidone act. The main component, amoxicillin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is part of the aminopenicillin group. The substance is characterized by a bactericidal mechanism of action, which is an active suppression of the synthesis of the cell wall of bacteria sensitive to amoxicillin. In the sphere of influence of amoxicillin, there are such well-known gram-positive bacteria as staphylococcus and streptococcus. The drug is active against a number of gram-negative and anaerobic microorganisms. In tandem with metronidazole, it affects bacteria that promote the development of peptic ulcer in the stomach and duodenum.

Getting inside the body, the antibiotic "Amoxil", the instruction of which describes in detail all the information about the drug, is actively absorbed and after 2 hours reaches the maximum concentration in the blood serum. Half-life from the body is 1.5 hours. The drug appears through the kidneys almost unchanged (60-70%).

Main Customers

Since "Amoxil" has a wide sphere of influence, the patients taking the drug are people with a variety of diseases. Tablets "Amoxil" instruction recommends that patients suffering from respiratory tract infections: upper (tonsillitis, sinusitis, otitis media) and lower (pneumonia, bronchitis). Also effective medicine for diseases of the biliary tract and gastrointestinal tract.

Diseases of the urinary system are also amenable to "Amoxil". Here we can talk about pyelonephritis, cystitis, asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. In addition, medical specialists prescribe medication in the treatment of acute stages of uncomplicated gonorrhea, skin and soft tissue infections.

In addition, its combined (together with other drugs) application is possible and quite effective. "Amoxil" in tandem with clarithromycin or metronidazole is used for therapeutic therapy in diseases of the digestive system, provoked by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (chronic forms of gastritis, stomach and duodenal ulcers).

Who is not recommended to take Amoxil?

Drug medication is contraindicated for people who are hypersensitive to the main active ingredient, auxiliary components, groups of penicillins and cephalosporins. You can not take this medication with mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia. The joint appointment of "Amoxil" with metronidazole is unacceptable for diseases of the nervous system, deviations in the work of the hematopoiesis system. In the same tandem it is not possible to prescribe a drug to patients younger than 18 years of age suffering from gastrointestinal diseases, which are accompanied by prolonged vomiting or diarrhea.

Also, "Amoxil", the instruction for the application of which describes in detail the contraindications to taking the drug, it is forbidden to take patients suffering from severe pathologies and abnormalities in the functioning of the liver. It is inadmissible to drink alcohol during the combined treatment course.

Dosing Modes

The drug is produced by manufacturers in tablets with a dosage of 250, 500 and 625 mg. "Amoxil" is prescribed inside regardless of food intake. Dosage and treatment regimen is selected by the doctor taking into account the disease and the severity of the patient's condition. For adults and children over 10 years of age (with a body weight of at least 40 kg), a single dose should be from 250 to 500 mg. In especially severe conditions, up to 1 gram of the drug "Amoxil" is prescribed. Instructions for use for children recommend prescribing the medicine based on the following calculations:

Age of child (years)	Single dose (mg)
5-10	250
2-5	125
Up to 2	Daily - 30 mg / kg of body weight

Regardless of the patient's age, the interval between doses should be at least 8 hours.

In people with abnormalities in kidney function, the interval between doses should be increased to 12 hours. For individuals suffering from anuria, the daily norm of "Amoxil" can not exceed 2 grams.

In what cases is the drug "Amoxyl-625" prescribed? The instructions for use, in addition to all the above indications, recommend the use of this drug to suppress dental infections (including the treatment of dentoalveolar abscess), as well as joint and bone infections (including osteomyelitis). Effective medicament in this dosage for septic abortions, postpartum and intra-abdominal sepsis, burns, abscesses and wound infections.

Features of the application of "Amoxil"

In the process of treatment with medication (especially in high doses), experts recommend maintaining adequate diuresis. To avoid the development of crystalluria, it is necessary to take a sufficient amount of liquid. Long-term use of "Amoxil" or repeated treatment with the same drug after a short period of time can give rise to the development of superinfections and accelerate the growth of a stable microflora. Regardless of the dosage (250 mg or "Amoxil" 500), the instruction manual recommends that children maintain oral hygiene, since the main active ingredient is able to change the color of the tooth enamel. Patients whose professional activities are associated with performing works that require high concentration of attention, "Amoxil" should be administered with caution, since side effects from the nervous system are possible.

During lactation it is undesirable to take this medicine, since it is excreted in breast milk, which can lead to sensitization of the baby (increased sensitivity to the active ingredient, the possibility of allergic reactions).

Any dosage of the drug, even Amoxil 250, is not recommended for women taking estrogen-containing contraceptives, since amoxicillin reduces their effectiveness. Slowed down the process of removing the drug through the kidneys, if in conjunction with "Amoxil" the patient takes indomethacin, acetylsallicyl acid (aspirin), sulfinpyrazone, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone.

Exceeding the permissible dose

Symptoms of excess of a single dosage of medication are: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, deviation from the norm of water electrolyte balance. To eliminate the consequences, gastric lavage is performed, the use of absorbent drugs (in particular activated charcoal), salt laxatives is prescribed, measures are taken to correct the water-electrolyte balance. In especially severe cases, a hemodialysis procedure may be required (purification of blood outside the kidneys).

Possible side effects

What side effects does the antibiotic "Amoxil" have? Instructions for use describe possible problems from various body systems.

The gastrointestinal tract can respond to the reception of "Amoxil" with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. In more severe cases, it is possible to develop hemorrhagic or pseudomembranous colitis, candidiasis of the intestine. From the side of the urinary system, interstitial nephritis is often observed. Manifestations of the same disease can be expected from the hemopoietic system. Also sometimes thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, crystalluria develops. A negative reaction to "Amoxil" from the side of the nervous system can be expressed in the appearance of convulsions, dizziness and the state of hyperactivity. Sometimes there are all kinds of allergic reactions (rash, itching, hives, conjunctivitis, allergic vasculitis, angioedema).

What else is dangerous, "Amoxil"? Instruction, patient reviews and numerous studies confirm that the action of the drug can trigger the development of anaphylaxis, erythema multiforme, mucosal candidiasis and skin, cholestatic jaundice, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (malignant erythema).

"Amoxil" and angina

Angina in the people called the infectious process, manifested in the inflammation of the components of the lymphatic pharyngeal ring. Most often, tonsils are involved in the process. Inflammation is caused by streptococci or staphylococci. In the majority of cases, for the control of this bacterial disease, medical specialists prefer to use antibiotics of the penicillin group. One of these drugs is "Amoxil". Tablets instructions for use recommend appointing regardless of food intake. In this case, they should be swallowed whole and washed down with water. Usually the drug is taken at intervals of not less than 8 hours. However, the treatment regimen and dosage can be selected individually by the attending physician depending on the severity of the patient's condition.

Pediatricians usually receive pediatricians for treatment of "Amoxil" 250. The instruction describes dosage regimens depending on the age and weight of the child. Babies under 2 years are usually prescribed a daily rate equal to 30 mg of the drug per kilogram of weight. The total dose should be divided into 3 doses. Children of the age group from 2 to 5 years once a day prescribed 125 mg of medicament. Starting from the age of 5 and up to 10 years, a single daily intake is 250 mg. Teenagers from 12 years for the treatment of sore throat are prescribed 1 tablet (625 mg) once. The interval between meals is 12 hours.

For treatment of bacterial angina in adult patients, therapists prescribe "Amoxil" 500. The instructions for use describe the treatment regimen in the form of a single dose of 500 mg. In the case of a severe process, the doctor may prescribe a single dose of the drug to 1 gram. The maximum daily dose for angina should not exceed 6 grams. "Amoxil" at a dosage of 625 mg is often prescribed in the treatment of tonsillitis. Tablets are taken once with an interval of 12 hours. If the patient suffers from chronic kidney failure, he is prescribed a dose of 625 mg once a day for angina. Patients on hemodialysis after taking the procedure additionally take 1 tablet of the drug.

In any case, the scheme of therapy with the drug "Amoxil" with angina should be selected by the treating doctor.

Interaction of "Amoxil" with other drugs

As mentioned earlier, the use of Amkosil by women using oral contraceptives is undesirable, since the effectiveness of the latter is reduced. In addition, the development of bleeding is possible. If the patient suffers from cardiovascular diseases (in particular, arrhythmia) and takes digoxin, simultaneous reception of "Amoxil" will strengthen it (digoxin) absorption.

With the simultaneous administration of drugs that have a bacteriostatic effect (macrolides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol), and the drug "Amoxil" instructions for use inform the patients that the bactericidal effect of amoxicillin, the main active ingredient of Amoxil, will be neutralized.

If, for any reason, there was a need for an intensive diuresis (copious drinking and simultaneous use of diuretics), the concentration of medication in the body will be lowered. With the simultaneous administration of "Amoxil" and "Allopurinol" (prescribed for patients with elevated levels of uric acid in the blood), the frequency of allergic reactions from the skin can increase.

Unsuitable joint use of antacids (medications intended for the treatment of acid-dependent gastrointestinal diseases by neutralizing gastric acid hydrochloric acid) and the drug "Amoxil" (tablets) is not desirable. Instruction for use informs that in this case the absorption of amoxicillin will be reduced.

Caution is assigned to the complex reception of "Amoxil" and anticoagulants (substances and medications that depress the blood coagulation system and prevent thrombosis). In this case, a constant monitoring of prothrombin time is necessary, since the probability of bleeding is quite high.

Manifestations from the digestive system in the form of diarrhea reduce the absorption of drugs, as a result of which the action of Amoxil worsens. The use of this antibiotic can reduce the content of estradiol (the most active female sex hormone - estrogen) in the urine of pregnant women.

Consumer concerns about "Amoxil"

A group of antibiotics can be attributed to quite aggressive substances. For this reason, the responses about "Amoxil" have a different orientation, both positive and negative.

A fairly large group of consumers describes their experience of using the drug "Amoxil" for children. The reviews mostly have a positive color. Many parents note the rapid bactericidal effect of amoxicillin on the baby's body. Against the backdrop of bright manifestations of acute bronchitis (fever, dry cough, wheezing) the drug is able to cope with the infection in 7-10 days.

In some patients, this antibiotic was prescribed in connection with dental problems. After performing surgical procedures for the removal of cysts by dentists, the drug "Amoxil" was prescribed. Instruction (500 mg - dosage for an adult patient) regulated the administration twice a day for 1 tablet. Most patients write that the treatment course took no more than 5 days and was quite effective. Infection of the wound did not occur, the healing process passed quickly.

A separate group of consumers took the drug for problems in the areas of otorhinolaryngology (sinusitis) and urinary tract (cystitis, pyelonephritis). Patients write that the relief of the condition occurs already on the 2-3 day of taking the drug.

Against the backdrop of all these positive responses from consumers there are also negative reviews about the drug. Quite often patients say that during the reception of "Amoxil" they had side reactions from the gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent manifestations are dysbacteriosis, flatulence, bloating, alternating states of diarrhea and constipation. Individual patients to resolve the situation took probiotics (substances and dietary supplements containing live microcultures, mainly bifido- and lactobacilli).

Many people evaluated the drug as an effective medicine for diseases of the upper respiratory tract, but with pneumonia with signs of intoxication, "Amoxil" was weak. In these cases, inpatient treatment and complex therapy were carried out.

There is a group of patients who needed treatment for burns, various abscesses, infected wound surfaces of the skin. In these cases, medics also often appointed "Amoxil". Instructions for use, patient reviews and medical observations indicate the appropriateness of prescribing because it has a high degree of effectiveness.

Female patients write that they took "Amoxil" in such difficult situations for themselves as septic abortion, postpartum sepsis. And in these cases, the drug confirmed its "powers" of a broad-spectrum antibiotic and successfully coped with serious diseases of the female sexual sphere.

In any case, no matter how simple the patient may feel his disease, self-medication is an unacceptably frivolous attitude towards one's own health. The drug that successfully cured a sore throat to a colleague at work, in another patient, can cause a lot of side effects, ranging from rashes on the skin and ending with irreversible lesions of certain organs and systems that can cost you not only health but also life.

The modern pharmaceutical market is so complex and multifaceted that only a highly qualified medical specialist can understand all these scientific terms, doses and schemes, and also develop a course of treatment therapy individually for each individual patient, taking into account his state of health, while minimizing the risk of side effects .