Animal tissue - what does it look like?

Of the tissues are the organisms of all animals and plants on the planet. They are different, and each kind of tissue fulfills its functions.

What do the tissues consist of?

The smallest structural part of the body is the cell. Of these, and consist of all types of tissue - both plant and animal.

Cell structure

This structure can exist as a separate organism. One cell includes creatures such as bacteria and protozoa eukaryotes. This component of a living organism consists of such parts: a plasma membrane, a cytoplasm represented by a colloidal solution, a nucleus and organelles - permanent structures, each of which performs certain functions. In the structure of the animal cell there are such organelles: the cell center, ribosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Vegetative cells differ from them in that they contain vacuoles (at first several, and as they age the cells they merge into one central one), as well as plastids: chromoplasts, leukoplasts and chloroplasts.

The plasmatic membrane of an animal cell consists of three layers: two protein and lipid between them. This shell, in turn, is surrounded by glycocalysis, which includes polysaccharides, glycolipids, glycoproteins. Organelles perform such functions as: cell center - distribution of chromosomes in fission, ribosomes - synthesis of proteins, lysosomes - cleavage of substances by enzymes, mitochondria - energy production, Golgi complex - accumulation and transformation of certain substances, endoplasmic reticulum - transport of chemical compounds. The amount of some organelles in a cell depends on what type of tissue it enters.

Structure of animal tissues

Animal tissue consists of cells joined by an intercellular substance. Depending on the purpose of the fabric, it can have a different composition, contained in more or less quantity. Fabrics in animals exist in the following species:

• Connecting;
• Epithelial;
• Nervous;
• Muscular.

Connective tissues

They are of such types: dense and loose fibrous, cartilaginous, bone, blood and lymph, fat, reticular tissue. All of them are united by the presence of a large amount of intercellular substance. Dense fibrous fabric consists mainly of fibers, loose fibrous - from amorphous mass. Bone has a large amount of solid intercellular substance, consisting of inorganic chemical compounds. The intercellular substance of the cartilaginous tissue consists of organic substances. Reticular tissue contains stem cells, from which blood cells are formed. The composition of blood and lymph is a large amount of fluid. The structure of animal tissue of this type consists of specific cells, they are also called blood corpuscles. Their types:

• Erythrocytes;
• Leukocytes;
• Thrombocytes.

Each of them performs its functions. Erythrocytes are presented in the form of circular structures containing hemoglobin. They are responsible for the transport of oxygen through the body. Leukocytes perform an immune function. Platelets are responsible for clotting the blood in case of damage to the skin.

Epithelial tissue of animals

The epithelium is divided into several types:

• flat;
• cubic;
• cylindrical;
• ciliated;
• sensory;
• glandular.

The flat epithelium is represented by flattened cells, which have the form of polygons. This tissue is located in the cavity of the esophagus and mouth. Cubic epithelial tissue of animals lining the tubules of the kidneys, cylindrical - the stomach and intestines, ciliary - the respiratory tract, sensory - the nasal cavity. The glandular is a constituent of the glands. Cells of this tissue produce hormones, milk, etc.

Muscular tissues

They are also divided into several types:

• Striped;
• Smooth;
• Heart.

Muscular animal tissue of the first type is a component of the muscles of the musculoskeletal system. From the smooth muscles of internal organs are formed, for example, intestines, stomach, uterus, etc. The heart differs in that its fibers are intertwined with each other - this allows them to contract faster.

Nervous tissue of animals

This type of tissue consists of spindle-like, stellate or globular cells - neurons, and intercellular substance - mesoglosses, which provides the neurons with nutrients. Neurons consist of a body, an axon and dendrites - appendages, through which cells connect. They are needed for the signal.