Alexei Panteleev (pseudonym L. Panteleev): biography, creativity. The novels "The Republic of Shkid", "Lyonka Panteleev"

Alexei Panteleyev is one of the heroes of the legendary "Republic of ShKID". Every Soviet schoolboy read a book about street children. But few know about the fate of one of the authors. In the early years L. Panteleyev was left to himself. But the tragedy of the prose writer was not limited to a homeless child.

Parents

Hundreds of thousands of children after the revolution were left without parental care. Most of them were destined for criminal fate, and hence - poverty, disease, early death. One of the orphaned Soviet children was Alexei Panteleyev. The real name is Eremeev. The hero of this article revolution first made an orphan, then forced to hide an uncomfortable biography.

Eremeev Alexey Ivanovich was born in a merchant family. Father was a Cossack officer, but disappointed in the service and, following the example of his family, began selling timber. The oldest son was only eight years old when Ivan Eremeev left the family. Mother stayed with three young children. October events, Alexei Panteleyev did not remember, as in the fall of 1917 he fell ill and lay in a fever for several weeks.

Both the mother and the father of the future prose writer belonged to the merchant family. Ivan Andrianovich Eremeev was an officer, his image remained forever in the memory of his son. The father of the hero of the story "Lenka Panteleyev" has many similarities with the writer's parents, but unlike the artistic character, he was not a drunken drunkard. The family Ivan Andrianovich left not of his own free will. In 1918, he met the last time with his eldest son, and soon died. According to some reports, Ivan Andrianovich spent several months in prison.

Ruin

After the coup in the country, chaos reigned. Products that until 1917 were present on the table in abundance, suddenly turned into a delicacy. Everywhere searches and arrests were conducted. The mother of the future writer decided to leave Petrograd: it was necessary to save children from hunger. The family moved to Yaroslavl Province.

Alexei Eremeev, later known to the whole country as a novelist L. Panteleev, from childhood he read bingo. In addition, from an early age he began to write stories and poems. The author of the story "Lenka Panteleev", like his young hero, has grown fond of literature since his early years. He read even when the country was mired in ruin, hunger, poverty, and in the family of the future prose writer, poverty and sickness prevailed for a long time.

Two years the family lived in the village, then returned to their hometown. Money was not enough. Those that the mother gave the boy, he spent on books. And the future author of the famous "Republic ShKID" began to twist the electric bulbs for the purpose of further sale. For which he was arrested and sent to the school, which he portrayed in a work of art together with his friend Grigory Belykh.

Wiknexor

When it comes to such a figure in literature, as Alexey Ivanovich Panteleev, it is impossible not to mention an outstanding teacher. N. Soroki-Rosinsky. His image is shown in the book "The Republic of ShKID." G. Belykh and L. Panteleev created a character, nicknamed pupils of the school. Dostoevsky Wikniksomor.

Soroka-Rosinsky opposed the assertion that difficult children are morally and mentally inferior. The teacher was sure that homeless children are ordinary children who have fallen into difficult life circumstances. If Alexei Eremeev did not get into the legendary orphanage, one of the best books of Russian literature about children and adolescents was not created. And in the literary world, such names as Belykh and Panteleev would never have become known.

The story "Republic of ShKID"

In the twenties, Alexei Eremeev met Grigory Belykh. In those years, there were rumors of Petrograd about the raider Lyonka Panteleyev. The hero of this article, although distinguished by his craving for knowledge, was a difficult teenager, stood out even on the background of homeless children with an extremely stern temper. In honor of the bandit, Yeremeyev received his nickname. The future writer at school was known under the name of Grigory Chernykh. The nickname of a friend Panteleyev is Yankel.

Three years after the students left school, an autobiographical novel was written. The central characters of the book are Grigory Chernykh and Alexei Panteleyev. However, the authors paid considerable attention to the story and other characters.

The school was in an old three-story building on Peterhof Prospekt. Teachers were not easy to curb the wild character of the wards. Each of them had a rich biography, before entering the school they led a free, nomadic and reckless life. Despite the difficulties, Soroka-Rosinsky later recalled that never before Leningrad educators did not work with such enthusiasm and dedication. At the beginning of the story "The Republic of ShKID" portraits of teachers and pupils predominate. In the second, stories from the life of the school. The theme of childhood and later preferred by Alex Panteleyev.

Short Stories

The works created in 1928 are devoted to the psychology of adolescents. Such works include "Karlushkin Focus", "Clock". Portrait characteristics are already at an early stage of Panteleyev's creativity created masterfully.

In the thirties, the writer paid special attention to the educational theme. Motives of homeless children go to the background. The leading theme in Panteleyev's stories is childish heroism, an example of which is the work "Honest Word". Panteleev also applied pedagogical principles to the education of his own daughter. A kind of father's diary is the work "Our Masha", in which the position of the author differs Spartan exactingness, moral maximalism and at the same time boundless love for the child.

Grigory White

The life of writer's friend L. Panteleyev ended tragically. Grigory Belykh, probably, would have created many works, if not death at the age of thirty-two. In 1935, the prose writer was repressed. The reason for the charge of counterrevolutionary activity was a poem about Stalin. The denunciation of the writer was compiled by his relative. The husband of G. Belykh's sister accidentally found a poem of suspicious content on the table, which was immediately reported to the appropriate authorities. The journalist was convicted under Article 58. He died in 1938 in a transit prison.

The Story of Lyonka Panteleev

One of the editors of the work of young authors was Samuel Marshak. The children's poet recommended to rewrite one of the chapters, supplement, create a full-fledged literary work from it. So the story "Lenka Panteleev" appeared.

The work begins with a description of the hero's early years. The author pays special attention to the portrait of his father, who is portrayed as a complex, contradictory but extremely honest person. Then the consequences of the October events and the beginning of the thieves' career of Lenka are depicted. The boy miraculously managed to avoid imprisonment. At the end of the story, he was at the school. Dostoevsky. From this event, a new life begins Lenka, as well as other heroes of the book Belykh and Panteleyev.

"Our Masha"

After the war, the prose writer wrote a lot. He was willingly published. In 1956, the writer had a daughter, to whom he dedicated the work "Our Masha". The book is a collection of records-observations that are conducted by many parents. But as a rule, mothers are the authors of such diaries. In this case, my father showed unusual scrupulousness and observation.

Masha was a late child. Her father was at one time deprived of attention and care, and, perhaps, because he paid undue attention to a single daughter. Masha became an exceptionally well-read and developed girl, but she did not have enough live communication with her peers. In his youth, mental illness began to develop. For several years, Masha Panteleeva spent in hospitals. She died three years after her father's death.

Criticism

In the thirties, when Belykh was arrested, Panteleyev miraculously managed to avoid repression thanks to Chukovsky. The children's writer and poet highly valued the talent of this author. Chukovsky noted the expressive language of Panteleev, as well as the sincerity and truthfulness that are present in his books. A person who has experienced so many adversities can not but inspire readers' trust. But, it is worth saying that Makarenko adhered to a different opinion about the book by Panteleev and Belykh. The creator of the "Pedagogical Poem" did not accept the "Republic of ShKID", more precisely, the method used by the main character of the story, Viktor Sorokin, to work with pupils.

Features of the story

In the "Republic of ShKID" there are memoirs, essays, stories and portraits of heroes. The book of Panteleyev and Belykh is often compared with Makarenko's work. The main difference is that in the first the narrative is conducted not on behalf of the teacher. The events described in the book about homeless children who came to the school. Dostoevsky, told from the perspective of complex adolescents.

The authors of the story were interested in a variety of people. Each of the characters could become the main character, regardless of whether he was a pupil or a tutor. In the structure of the work there is some confusion. It is explained by an abundance of memories of school graduates. In the epilogue written in 1926, the authors tell of a meeting with the heroes of the story. One of the Shkidis became assistant director, another worked in the printing house, the third became an agronomist.

"I believe ..."

L. Panteleev was a deeply religious person, as evidenced by the last book. "I believe ..." - a work published after the death of the author. The book has a confessional character. In it, the author conveyed his thoughts, experiences. The last work has little in common with the "Republic of ShKID" and numerous stories focused on young readers.

The writer died in 1987 in Leningrad. His pen has four stories and several dozen stories. According to his works, three films and one animated film were created. But his name will always be associated with the book, which he created in co-authorship with Grigory Belykh - "The Republic of ShKID."