ADR - what is it? Permission to transport dangerous goods. Transportation of dangerous goods by road

As a result of the work of enterprises, organizations, people's livelihoods, various wastes are generated, which must be transported. It can be export to a landfill, putting them into a processing organization, moving between enterprises and much more.

ADR - what is it?

Transportation of waste is strictly regulated by a number of legislative acts. Among them are federal laws, GOSTs, orders and resolutions. ADR is one of the main documents in this field. What it is? This is the European International Agreement on the Regulations for the Transport of Dangerous Goods, concluded in Geneva in 1957. During transport, various emergencies can occur: fire, explosion, spill of toxic substances that cause harm to the environment and the health of personnel involved in transportation.

Wastes - dangerous goods

Why? What, for example, are household waste dangerous? It's just rubbish. Meanwhile, this same garbage belongs to the 4th class of waste hazard for the environment. This is due to the fact that waste as a result of decay form a liquid component of its own, a filtrate that penetrates into groundwater and poisons drinking water extracted from artesian wells. Then, water enters the river, thereby rendering the environment of the existence of fish, crabs, mollusks and other aquatic creatures unsuitable. Decaying waste is an excellent nutrient medium for insects, rodents, stray dogs.

Stacked not by the rules in the territory of various enterprises scrap metal as a result of the influence of atmospheric precipitation is oxidized. Together with rain and melted snow, heavy metal compounds penetrate into the soil.

Summing up the aforesaid, it becomes clear that almost any waste is a dangerous cargo. ADR regulates the carriage of these goods, determining the possible packaging, its marking, requirements for the vehicle. This document classifies goods by hazard class. In the normative act there is a detailed table with a description of all cargo properties - fire hazard, toxicity, radioactivity, explosiveness and others.

Packing and marking

Each shipment must be packed and labeled. To designate a dangerous cargo on a container, a square with a side of at least 10 cm is placed. If the square is horizontally divided by a diagonal, then the symbol of the danger of the substance being conveyed is placed in its upper part: a flame, a skull with crossed bones, a sign of radiation, and, His class.

Packaging for cargo is selected depending on its aggregate state. Liquid waste is transported in cisterns, barrels, solid - in boxes, containers, loose - in bags.

Each vehicle is marked by ADR. What it is? The packaging of a dangerous cargo has a danger sign. It is a rectangular orange plate that contains information: the cargo number assigned to it in the UN common classification, the hazardous properties and class, and the code of measures to be taken in the event of an explosion, fire and the like. The danger sign is located, as a rule, on the side and behind the vehicle. It should be visible to the rescue team in the event of an accident.

Transportation of goods

Transportation of dangerous goods can be carried out by any type of transport: river, air, road, rail. For each species adopted legislation. Most often, the transportation of dangerous goods by road. The Russian Ministry of Transport has approved the relevant rules for such displacements. The rules contain requirements for the vehicle itself, the road lists, the driver.

So, for transportation of explosive and highly inflammable cargoes the car with the battery remote from a fuel tank is used. The latter should be placed in a casing and removed from the wiring, the engine, so that in case of damage to the tank, the fuel does not get on the transported cargo, but spills onto the ground. The silencer pipe is moved to the side with a slope in front of the radiator.

In order to avoid the formation of static electricity, the car must be equipped with a grounding conductor in the form of a chain that descends on the ground by 20 cm, and have a metal pin for use during parking.

For a car of the "van" type, the body must be strong, sealed and ventilated, if it is necessary to transport a particular cargo. The wooden structure of the body must have fireproof impregnation.

Separate requirements are imposed on the column of machines. It is necessary to observe distance and utmost care in conditions of poor visibility.

Vehicle Equipment

Each vehicle must have a set of tools and adaptations regulated by ADR. What it is? It:

- Tools for emergency repair;

- shovel and the necessary amount of sand in case of fire;

- orange autonomous power lights that are installed on the roof of the car's cabin, and in the event of an accident - in front of and behind the vehicle;

- wheel chocks;

- first aid kit and emergency response means.

Exceptions to the rules

The requirements of legislation regarding the transport of goods must be observed in each case, although there are a number of exceptions:

- when the goods are transported by private persons for further sale at retail or for personal use only if measures are taken to eliminate possible accidents;

- emergency transportation for the purpose of saving people or nature:

- transportation of machinery and machinery in which dangerous goods are contained in their internal parts and equipment. But in this case it is necessary to exclude possible leaks of harmful substances. All these exemptions require ADR.

Training

Drivers involved in the transport of dangerous goods are required to undergo appropriate training. Special training consists of the following items:

- studying the rules of informing about the danger (marking of goods);

- study of dangerous properties of transported goods;

- training in the necessary methods of medical care in case of emergencies;

- procedure for actions in case of accidents - fire fighting, disinfection, decontamination, report to the relevant persons (consignor and consignee).

The driver is presented qualification requirements, which consist in the fact that he has a continuous work experience on this transport for at least three years.

The driver is obliged to correctly fill in the price list. It should be marked as "Dangerous Goods". On the car it is necessary to have an emergency card with information on liquidation of possible supernumerary situations; An information card containing the decoding of emergency measures codes.

Additional requirements for transportation

In addition to all the above measures, the vehicle must have permission to transport dangerous goods. Special documents are issued by Rostransnadzor. The list of dangerous goods for the movement of which permits are required is determined in accordance with ADR. The permit is a mark in the road vehicle sheet. It can be received for a limited period or a consignment of goods. A license to transport dangerous goods is not required.