Administrative resource: the emergence and definition

The essence of power and its social nature can not be solved without considering the question of the resources at its disposal. What does this concept mean in general? Resources - this is almost all that is used to achieve the goal. They allow us to satisfy not only our own needs, but also the needs of the subjects in the external environment.

The administrative resource is nothing more than the influence that is exerted on various spheres of activity by politicians, officials, state bodies and officials

Definition of concept

What is an administrative resource? As a rule, when you collide with this phrase, a clearly negative idea of this phenomenon comes to mind. And most often it is associated with elections. Of course, various kinds of reflections and disputes that consider the topic of the influence of an administrative resource on the political life of a country are conducted in most cases with outlined or past elections. However, this aspect of the phenomenon does not fully reveal its essence. The very phrase "administrative resource" does not carry any negative connotation. In addition, it is not necessarily related to a company of political elections.

The word "administer" is a verb, the meaning of which is "to manage" and "manage". For example, we all know the administrative common resources that are used in the process of setting up computer systems. What does the second term in this phrase (resources) mean? Let's consider further. Resources, in addition to "sources, means and opportunities," can be understood in a different way. This word means nothing more than "a means that can be used if necessary" or "a single outlet". In other words, this is what can be applied to achieve this or that result.

Proceeding from the foregoing, the term "administrative resource" can be understood as a "management resource". That is, a means that is designed to solve management tasks in order to achieve the goal set by the leadership.

Proceeding from this, it becomes obvious that the administrative resource initially uses in the management system. And only then this concept finds its application in other spheres of human life activity.

Administrative resource of the enterprise

Often, this tool is used in business. At the same time, the company serves as the source from which an administrative resource arises in the enterprise. For a senior manager, he is expressed in the person of a superior leader.

Sometimes they are the owner of the firm. In any case, these people take the manager of the first or second level to work and instruct him to perform certain managerial work. At this point, and handing over the authority, which is called the administrative resources of the organization. This situation can be described somewhat differently. A certain person makes an order for the performance of management activities.

Hierarchy

An administrative resource is the right to lead and at the same time imposes on the manager the responsibility for obtaining the necessary result.

Management work is carried out by a hired person. Such a right given to him is as follows:

1. The resource of the manager, as it is a means for management.
2. The personal resource of the employee, as given to him for the duration of his duties.

The administrative resource of management has a hierarchical nature. How is this confirmed? The fact is that the receipt of this resource occurs exactly at the moment when the head rises to the highest level of the structure of the company's managers. This procedure can be called hierarchy. This term is applied to a situation where a number of conditions are met that actually lead the manager to obtain administrative resources. At the same time, the employee is required only to agree to assume responsibility for the results of his activities.

The right of management is the most important resource of the manager. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that in this case the activity of the employee is legitimized. In other words, it becomes legal. And it's worth keeping in mind. The legitimate right of management is possible only if it is legally obtained. However, in practice there are also illegitimate sources of this resource. In such cases, the right to administer is given as a result of deception or violence.

Limits of the administrative resource

What gives the manager the right to manage? Using an administrative resource allows an employee to lead subordinates. In addition, he has the right to manage all the company's funds. In other words, he gets into his own hands the administrative and economic resource.

The amount of authority that is given to the manager of the top level has a quantitative characteristic. Of course, if we consider a particular hierarchy, here each of the leaders of the intermediate link is assigned a certain amount of rights. The content of such duties is determined in each case in different ways. At the same time, the decision is made on the basis of production necessity, and at first does not have any connection with the personality of the employee.

Sometimes the volume of rights that a real leader receives, and the scope of the rights corresponding to his position, may not coincide. And such dispersals exist in the overwhelming majority of cases.

The responsibility vested in the manager is not at all his personal resource. After all, all the funds that are used as a result of the work of the enterprise, as well as manufactured finished products - this is nothing more than a product of the owners of the company.
Thus, the administrative resource in business implies only the right to manage. However, this is also quite a lot, since the right to manage allows access to many other resources.

In general, lifting the hierarchy allows a person, using his administrative capabilities, to do something real by applying the levers to his hands. However, in this case, the abuse of one's official position, which is used for personal gain, is often manifested.

Administrative resource methods

Sometimes there is a tough competition between enterprises. In order to destroy their rival, businessmen resort to the use of administrative structures. They use the following methods:

1. Hook and bait . This method is quite simple. For the enterprise create an information trap. The selected company gets there and itself creates compromising evidence. The essence of this method is the development of a separate campaign. The purpose of such actions is to entice a competitor into a situation where he creates compromising evidence on himself. In this case, all the words said by the "undesirable" candidate acquire a double meaning. Compromising information takes place also in the event that the manager has told the truth. The question is put that the person something will miss, and it also will be a compromising material.

2. Public outrage . At many enterprises there are a lot of moments that can cause people's discontent. It can be a luxury office or an expensive car, where a leader drives, harmful emissions into the environment, a small salary of personnel, harassment of someone's rights, etc. The purpose of this method is to find an object that can outrage the public after promulgating the facts.
3. Virtual compromising evidence . This method is based on the use of no real fact, but on the alleged desire or thought of someone. This way of eliminating competitors is a win-win. After all, any material fact can be either confirmed or refuted. But to get evidence that a person did not think in one way or another is simply unrealistic.

Resource of power

Administration is not just about business. This concept implies various methods of administrative resource, which are used in public administration and at all stages of the election campaign.

To date, when holding elections, the press gives information about which parties have enlisted the support of the Presidential Administration, and what it obviously lacked for success. And here the following types of administrative resource can be identified according to the level of power:

1. Local significance (here small settlements are considered, for example, villages).
2. Municipal significance, which ensures meetings of candidates with local enterprise collectives, gives recommendations to journalists about providing positive information about the "right" person, places for billboards are allocated and the work of competitors is destabilized.
3. Regional importance. This resource allows to attract public opinion of doctors, well-deserved teachers, etc., to provide necessary information about the candidate at all seminars, meetings and actions, to allocate time for speaking in budget organizations and destabilize the headquarters of the opponent.
4. Federal significance. Such a resource allows attracting party leaders and public organizations for their speech in the media, ensuring the loyalty of the Central Election Commission and exercising permanent control over grass-roots commissions in the interests of the "right" candidate.

Classification of power resources by their validity

All funds that are used within the administrative resource are divided into the following:

1. Legitimate . They represent the use by state bodies and officials of the legal powers given to them by the authorities. The purpose of this activity is to obtain additional guarantees and opportunities for solving the task of realizing their own political interests. To the legitimate administrative resource is also the staff reserve of management personnel. This is such a stock of people who are capable of leadership, constantly increasing their level of knowledge, and not only in the field necessary for public administration.
2. The illegitimate. Under this administrative resource is understood the totality of various technologies (as a rule, illegal), which allow, with minimal money investments, to achieve maximum influence on people, which will ensure their "voluntary" subordination. Such a resource is used in those cases when the position of the current government on the eve of the upcoming elections is not strong enough. An illegitimate type of administration can be seen even in cases when a candidate has a serious rival and a real competitor.

Means Used

By what other criteria is the administrative resource of power classified? It is divided into species depending on the means used. So, they distinguish:

1. Institutional resource . This type of administration involves the use of a diverse potential of state institutions and organizations.
2. Budgetary resource. This is nothing more than an administrative resource in elections, which is directly related to the use of public funding.
3. A media resource. In the course of its use, state media are used, which give their viewers and readers information that serves the interests of a particular candidate or party. It is this resource, according to research conducted, that is predominant in the conduct of the election campaign.

Often the use of administrative resources is a combination of institutional and media types.

Realities of our country

According to the study, the administrative and legal resource in Russia is used in 2/3 of its territory completely legally. Here elections are competitive, and candidates have only a small gap in the number of votes.

However, if you take such regions as Tatarstan and the North Caucasus, Kalmykia, Bashkortostan, etc., then the absolute majority of the population votes for one candidate for the post. This unique candidate, of course, is pleasing to local authorities and elites. Such territories of the country are called "electorally controlled". These are the regions where the members of the election commission are heavily dependent on the local administration to resolve the money and housing issues. In addition, often the media that provide information about candidates do not belong to the state, but to commercial structures that are closely connected with politics and state bureaucracy.

What is the primaries?

In the political sphere, pre-election of the inner-Party character is often conducted. This is the primaries (the stress in this word falls on "a"). Such elections are held to nominate the most popular and strong candidates.

In those countries where there is an established democratic system, the primaries represent the most vivid and important event of the pre-election race. This can be observed, for example, in the USA. However, in addition to the primaries, there are also cocoons, which are discussion meetings of members of the same party.

Primaries in our country

Of course, it is not a secret for anyone that democracy in Russia is an unexplored territory. Some institutions and tools that promote freedom of speech are introduced gradually, and to the end they are not yet clear to ordinary voters, but also to experienced politicians. Does the primaries have an administrative resource?

The main task of primary elections is to find new people who can work as experts with laws and directly communicate with the public. After that, they will have to go further, already into big politics. This was also said by V. Putin in his conversation with the participants of the primaries. At the same time, the head of state voiced his request to the United Russia party. He asked her members to show the rest of the candidates an example of an honest election campaign. And these are not empty words. Indeed, according to many experts, the new democratic institution is largely hampered by the administrative resource. How can we expect that new people will come to politics if all seats are occupied by "necessary" representatives of the authorities?

However, according to reports from the regions, the administrative resource still exerts its influence on the primaries. And especially alarming is the situation in the Moscow region. All this contradicts the very principle of the primaries. After all, the idea of holding primary elections is that voters can celebrate the most brilliant politician.