Accounting for commodities: some aspects

Inventory accounting in the warehouse plays an important role in the economic accounting of the enterprise. From its organization depends the reliability of data periodically transmitted to the accounting department in the form of reports and objectivity in assessing the profitability of the enterprise as a whole. There are several options for organizing inventory accounting. This varietal, as well as partion methods. From the choice of this or that option depends on the algorithm of registration of the relevant documentation. In any case, accounting for goods and materials is carried out directly in kind. The basis is the income or expense documents. All of them must be submitted to the accountant in a strictly prescribed time.

Varietal accounting of goods and materials

It assumes that all goods in the warehouse are stored in certain names (or grades). Any new admission joins the already existing ones. Responsible persons reflect all changes in specialized cards or magazines.

Partition accounting of goods and materials

Its difference from the first option is that any new arrival of objects is stored separately. Moreover, a special card is being put on the newly acquired lot.

Accounting of goods and materials

There are two main options. Both are based on a document such as a turnover sheet. In the first case, cards are issued for each individual name of the goods , which allow for the quantitative-total accounting. They reflect the arrival and consumption of materials based on primary accounting documents, as well as the calculation of turnover for a certain period (month) and displays the balance at the beginning of a new one. Then, in accordance with the existing cards, turnover sheets are generated separately for each storage room. This is done monthly. In addition, reconciliation of data reflected in cards provided by warehouses and accounts department is carried out. The second option involves the grouping of all documents on the available nomenclature numbers, which serve as the basis for calculating the monthly totals separately for receipts and expenditures. All information is entered in the turnover list.

Classification

It should be noted that all production stocks can be divided into basic and auxiliary materials, raw materials, purchased semi-finished products, as well as recyclable waste. Each of the above groups has its subcategories and is entered in the nomenclature with a specific code. The first 3 digits in it define the account number, the 4th and 5th digits are the product group, the others reflect specific characteristics.

Valuation of Inventories

This procedure, however, as well as the reflection of certain values on synthetic accounts, can be made both at cost and at prices. Most often there is a second option. Accounting for goods and materials, accounting postings allow you to calculate the full cost of each batch. To do this, you need to set the appropriate analytical marks in the program.

Methods for writing off values

The cancellation can be made at the average cost price or by the methods of FIFO, LIFO. The first option is most often encountered in practice. Inventories are written off during the reporting period at accounting prices, and at the end of the month, the shares of the existing deviations from the actual cost price are entered . The FIFO method is characterized by the writing-off of all goods at the price of the first batch, then by the second batch, and so on. The last option is the opposite of the previous one. All materials are written off in the reverse order until the total consumption of values is formed.