Business, The Organization
A consumer cooperative is what? Credit Consumer Cooperative
"Cooperation is a world system that
Unites around the world millions of shareholders "
(KP Dyachenko)
Consumer cooperation gives an opportunity to carry out business within the framework of the free economy zone and receive tax benefits. The relevance of cooperative organizational and legal forms is becoming more obvious. Why? What are the types of cooperation? You will find answers to these and other equally interesting questions in this article.
A modern cooperative - what is it?
A consumer cooperative is an independent cooperation of citizens (legal entities) on a voluntary basis, the collective ownership of an autonomous democratically controlled organization.
The goal of each cooperative should be to satisfy any need (for example, material) of the constituent entities. Participation in the cooperative (membership) is carried out through the uniting of units or contributions.
The consumer co-operative of citizens has the right not to be limited to one line of activity and "saturate" not only the needs of the material plan, but also social, cultural and socio-economic nature.
The democracy of cooperation consists in that, regardless of the amount of the share (contribution), shareholders have equal rights. The supreme managerial body is a general meeting of shareholders.
The modern consumer cooperative provides many opportunities, among which:
- Rapid opening of business and receipt of tax benefits;
- Effective management of cases and guarantees of property protection;
- Conducting many types of business without licensing;
- The absence of duties at borders, when transporting goods within the framework of projects in cooperation with an international cooperative alliance;
- Management of housing and communal services of a multi-storey building;
- Getting a loan quickly and at a small percentage.
How did it all start?
The first consumer cooperative was founded by weavers in 1769 in Scotland (Great Britain). He was engaged in selling his participants flour at reduced prices, without intermediaries.
Consumer, credit and production cooperatives have been massively opened all over Europe since the mid-19th century. They were an opportunity to survive in the difficult conditions of life of that time and the only defense against second-hand dealers.
Gradually formed the legislative and social basis for cooperation. 1852 was marked by the adoption of the first law on cooperation in the UK.
An epochal event in the history was the formation of the English "The Society of Fair Rochdale Pioneers," which continues to thrive to this day. This ancestor of modern cooperation was founded in 1844 in Rochdale. 28 weavers organized the first cooperative food store.
Rochdale principles (mutual aid, equality, average prices, one participant - one vote) formed the basis for the cooperative movement.
Nowadays hundreds of cooperative organizations of different types successfully operate in the world, with an aggregate number of participants of at least one billion.
Cooperative of citizens and the basics of his work
The legislative basis for organizations of cooperative forms is laid down in the Constitution, the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Article 116), in special laws: "On consumer cooperation ...", "On agricultural cooperation" and "On production cooperatives".
The charter of the consumer cooperative, as the main constituent document, regulates the work of the legal entity. With respect to a particular organization, it discloses the range of rights, duties and responsibilities of participants, the composition of management bodies, the basis of financial activity, the economic and legal aspects.
In addition to information mandatory for a legal entity, the charter contains a decision on the amount of shares and the specifics of their contribution, the procedure for making decisions and covering possible losses. The profit as a result of commercial and other activities is distributed in proportion to the contribution made by the participants.
The debts of the organization are partly the responsibility of the shareholders. The amount of obligations for each participant can not exceed the still unrealized additional contribution.
Members of a consumer cooperative are not only citizens, but also organizations (in which case participation of two or more individuals is mandatory).
Credit Consumer Cooperatives
The legal basis for credit cooperatives in our country was the RF Law "On Credit Cooperatives". A credit consumer cooperative is an association of citizens (organizations) to provide mutual support in terms of finance and lending.
Its main goal is mutual assistance of participants: those who do not have the means to receive them, and those who wish to have an income give the money at interest. A secondary goal is to make a profit.
The property base of a credit cooperative consists of contributions, income from activities, borrowed funds and other legitimate sources.
Loans are issued usually at a percentage greater than in the bank, but the guarantee of obtaining a loan is higher. This enables the members of the cooperative to have good dividends.
In general, credit cooperation contributes to the strengthening of financial security and the receipt of a stable income, if it really is a credit-consumer cooperative. Reviews of depositors today are ambiguous. So, many trust only banks, because under the guise of a cooperative organization, fraudsters often hide.
How to choose an honest cooperative, not a financial pyramid?
- The constituent documentation must necessarily indicate the organizational and legal form: a non-profit organization, a credit cooperative.
- A citizen who joins the cooperative has a legitimate opportunity to study the constituent documents and the loan agreement. Read the charter and the contract must necessarily, if it is impeded, then, most likely, you are in the financial pyramid.
- Choose an organization that functions for at least 2-3 years and is part of the cooperative union.
- Very high lending rates for members of shareholders are also alarming. In addition, the present cooperative will not offer benefits for the "recruitment" of new participants.
- Loud advertising is not for the cooperative, since it is registered mainly to provide financial assistance in a particular group of persons.
Agricultural cooperation
The legal basis of agricultural cooperatives is the provisions of the Law "On Agricultural Cooperation".
The agricultural consumer cooperative is established both by participants-citizens, and by organizations. An important condition for them is involvement in agricultural production and other areas of work of the organization.
A consumer cooperative is a non-profit organization. The name "agricultural" allows you to invite to the membership of producers of agricultural products, and "consumer" to meet the needs.
There are quite a few types of agricultural cooperatives: enterprises that carry out processing, supply or sales functions, agricultural services, lending, and others.
Housing and construction cooperatives
Legislative base of housing and construction cooperation is the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Article 116) and the corresponding section in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
The consumer cooperative housing is the cooperation of participants (citizens or organizations) on a voluntary basis with a view to solving housing problems, issues of improving the apartment building, and the needs in the premises.
Housing (LCD) and / or construction (HBC) is a consumer cooperative and non-profit organization.
HBCs sell apartments according to the Law "On participation in shared construction of apartment buildings".
Members of this organization can become any person, citizens (not less than 5 and not more than the aggregate number of apartments), organizing it and sitting at the first meeting. Consumer LCD obliges participants to combine funds for house maintenance, and construction - for erection.
The consumer building cooperative operates on the basis of the charter. It contains information on goals and objectives, the procedure for work, the entry of new participants, contributions, mutual responsibility, and the composition of the governing bodies. When joining the LC, it is necessary to study the charter and consult with a lawyer, as well as pay attention to the amount of the contribution, the procedure for paying out the share, the rights and obligations of the participants.
For default of obligations, that is full payment failure, the shareholder is excluded from the organization and loses an apartment.
One can not ignore the fact that fraudulent associations operate among housing mortgage cooperatives, so choosing an organization is very meticulous, given the opinion of a lawyer.
Garage consumer cooperative
The law that defines the legal basis for Russian garage cooperatives (GIC) has not yet been adopted. Laws on cooperation and non-profit organizations concerning this association do not work.
To rely on remains on the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and the Law "On Cooperation in the USSR", which is still practiced today.
Garage consumer cooperative is a non-profit organization, a membership association of citizens to meet the need for garages for transport.
The Constitution of the CCP regulates the main issues of its work. It identifies sources of capital and contributions, property rights, conditions for entry and exit. A group of initiative citizens (except for the preparation of constituent documents) draws up a lease for the site under the garages, submits documentation to the land registration office.
Garage consumer cooperative is registered as a legal entity, is registered with the tax inspection, receives settlement and personal bank accounts of participants.
When the constituent documents, the cadastral passport and the lease agreement are ready, it is possible to start registration in the state body. GIC concludes a contract with a construction firm.
3 stages of creating a cooperative
The requirements for registration are regulated by the fourth chapter of the Law "On State Registration of Legal Entities".
To create an organization in consumer cooperation have the right to at least 5 citizens (not younger than 16 years) and legal entities.
Creation phase | Procedure |
1. Formation of a group of initiative citizens | Idea, social action plan, business plan. Preparation of constituent documents and meetings. |
2. Holding of the constituent assembly | Decision-making on the formation of a cooperative organization and entry into a union of consumer societies. Approval of the list of shareholders, articles of association and cost estimates of entrance fees. Selection of managing and controlling bodies. Registration of the protocol. |
3. Registration | The application, the certificate of payment of the contribution, the minutes and the documents approved at the meeting are submitted to the registration authority. The cooperative is considered active from the moment of state registration. |
Pros and cons of the consumer cooperative
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Consumer cooperatives. Reviews
The study of the opinions of consumers and employees of the system of consumer cooperation of Russia (in several large cities and rural areas) posted on the Internet was conducted. As a result, a large number of negative reviews were revealed.
Thus, the population criticizes the raypo and the shops of consumer cooperation: mainly the culture of communication with customers, the range, working conditions for sellers. They also talk about high prices (above the market average). Several complaints related to violations of the operating mode of the store.
In many reviews it is noted that the leadership of local consumer cooperatives "pulls the blanket" on themselves: low wages, lack of employee motivation, exploitation.
Pay attention to the personnel question: there are no young qualified specialists. There is an "aging" of staff and management personnel. In the infusion of new personnel, many consumer cooperatives are in desperate need.
Comments with criticism are written about specific software and the Raypo, which can not be said about the entire cooperative consumer system in Russia. There are cooperatives, Raypo and unions that work in good faith.
Many entrepreneurs cooperate with credit cooperatives. Thanks for the opportunity to obtain a term loan for transactions and other commercial needs. They note the rapid processing of documents without red tape.
Bribes people and attentive attitude from the staff, the ability to explain everything in understandable language. Loans are taken for different purposes: to purchase a car, to repair and arrange a home, for training and expensive purchases. They save, for example, on rest. Also, people often put money at interest in a consumer credit cooperative.
Reviews about these institutions can be found on official websites. Opinions were examined on credit cooperatives, which have an experience of successful work from 10 to 20 years. They are the cause of greater confidence among the population.
In all economic sectors, many cooperative organizations operate in the West. And much more often they are ruined by joint-stock and private companies. Why does Western cooperation flourish, but survive in Russia?
Obviously, we still have to reconsider our attitude to domestic cooperation and change it. Actual goals for the cooperative system should be the development of the manufacturing industry, the creation of new jobs and provision of the population with everything necessary.
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