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Zaporozhye Cossacks

Zaporozhye Cossacks gathered in the army from the most remote times. Historical facts testify to its occurrence from the year fifteen hundred. Some contemporaries of the foundation of Sich Zaporizhzhya believed that the emergence of the Cossacks began with the unification of peasants who sought to destroy serfdom. According to other chroniclers, this army was created from the Kozars, who lived in Central Asia, and moved to Ukraine during the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

Men of this class did not work, but spent their time practicing military science. Since the time of settlement in Ukraine, they have come to be called Cossacks. The Polish and Lithuanian magnates became compelled to serve unskilled labor duties of soldiers. These events occurred after Ukraine seized them. However, the Cossacks, in order to avoid forced labor, withdrew from the inhabited lands. They took a fancy place behind the rapids of the Dnieper. According to historians, this way Zaporozhye Cossacks appeared. Seeing the bravery of this army, the Polish kings began to call them to the service. And the noble representatives of the gentry considered it a great honor to be the leaders of the brave detachments.

The arsenal of the troops consisted of the most advanced weapons of that time. Zaporozhye Cossacks owned guns and howitzers, mortars and mortars, samopals and pistols, spears and swords, swords and daggers, bows and arrows. The data of archaeological and historical science confirm the evidence of a large arsenal of weapons, which was taken from the peoples with whom the fighting was conducted. However, the main preference Zaporozhye Cossacks gave saber.

The brave army included infantry, cavalry and artillery. The total number of armed Cossacks ranged from ten to twelve thousand. An elite unit was always considered cavalry. It was the most formidable combat force. The units of the troops included hundreds and regiments. During the campaigns, the Cossacks stopped for a night at the camp, which was a series of wagons arranged along the perimeter, fastened with chains.

The main source of income Zaporizhzhya Sich was mining, won during the campaigns, as well as trade, sale of wine, tribute received from transportation, and royal, as well as royal salaries. Part of the good received in the battles was given to the church as usual. The remaining production was divided equally, and its Ukrainian Cossack could drink up to a penny. Significant amounts were collected by the Sich from the merchants who drove through the Zaporozhye lands. Most of the income included tax on dwellings located within the boundaries of the Army.

The feudal lords looked with apprehension at the growing influence of the Cossacks. After all, it was on the side of the oppressed peasants and could always help them. The aspirations of the feudal lords were reduced to the task of destroying the Sich of Zaporizhzhya and returning it to serfdom. By the end of the fifteenth to the beginning of the sixteenth century, Lithuanian and Polish tycoons were able to assign significant territories of lands belonging to the Cossacks. As a consequence, in 1648 the uprising broke out. It was led by colonel of the Cossack army Bogdan Khmelnitsky. The campaign under his leadership was crowned with victory.

Considering Sech's great influence on the Cossacks of Ukraine, Peter I and Hetman Mazepa fought for the Army. However, the Cossacks took the side of Charles XII and conducted military operations against the Russian troops. After Mazepa signed an allied treaty with the Swedes, Peter I nominated three regiments for the capture of Zaporizhzhya Sich. Before them was set the task of destroying the nest of rebels to the ground. In May 1709 the fortress was taken, completely destroyed and burnt.

The final point in the fate of the Cossacks was put by Catherine II. In August 1775, it issued a manifesto that approved the destruction of the Sich and its attribution to Novorossiysk province.

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