X-ray apparatus: device, types and operating principle

X-ray machines are devices used in medicine for diagnostics and therapy, in various areas of industry - for identifying the quality of raw materials or the end product, in other areas of human activity - for certain purposes in accordance with the needs of society.

Great invention

The year 1895 became significant in the life of Wilhelm Roentgen. They discovered radiation, which in the future was called x-ray. To conduct the experiments, the German scientist invented a special tube, with which he studied little-known radiation. To make it possible to use these beams, various devices were invented. So there was an x-ray machine.

It began to be used in surgery. Later, photographing the human body, where soft tissue passes the rays, and bones - are delayed, they began to be called fluoroscopy. The first in the history of mankind X-ray photograph was a picture of the hand of the inventor's wife with an engagement ring on her finger. It was a truly great invention.

After a while, X-ray tubes began to be used not only for medical purposes. They have become necessary in many areas of industry. The scientist was treated with numerous proposals to sell the rights to use the invention, but he refused, because he did not consider it profitable. In the early twentieth century, X-ray tubes were widely used and used throughout the world. Today, scientists from different countries made numerous discoveries not only in medicine, but also in space and other fields.

Device

The X-ray apparatus consists of:

• From one or several tubes, which are called radiators.
• A feeder designed to provide electricity and control radiation parameters.
• The device of the X-ray machine includes tripods, with which you can control it.
• A device that converts X-rays into a visible image that becomes available for observation.

And now a little more detailed. The device is protected by a thick lead body. The atoms of this metal absorb X-rays well, which ensures the safety of personnel and precisely directs the rays to the object of investigation through the hole in the body. Such devices are successfully operating at airports. With their help, a quick check of luggage for the presence of metal objects.

Classification

Depending on operating conditions and design, X-ray machines are:

• Stationary: they are equipped with special X-ray rooms.
• Mobile: they are designed to work in the operating and trauma departments, wards, at home.
• Transported to the destination on special machines.
• Portable, dental, pulse.

Depending on the purpose, the X-ray machines are divided:

• On specialized, which according to the conditions and methods of research are fluorographic and tomography.
• Apparatuses of general purpose.

Depending on the field of application, the following devices are distinguished:

• Dental.
• For urological studies.
• Neuroendgenodiagnostics.
• Angiography.

How to get a picture?

The rays of the X-ray, passing through the body, are projected onto the film. But they are absorbed in different ways by the tissues, it depends on their chemical composition. Most of all absorbs the x-rays of calcium, which is part of the bones. Therefore, they will be bright in the image, white.

Muscles, connective tissues, fluid and fat do not so intensively absorb rays, so in the picture they will have shades of gray. The least absorbed is the X-rays of the air. Therefore, the cavities containing it will be the darkest in the picture. This is the image.

What is diagnosed with X-rays?

• Fractures and cracks on the bones.
• Malignant tumors of soft and bony tissues.
• Abnormal development of various human organs.
• Bodies of foreign origin.
• Numerous diseases of bones and other organs.
• The control of the condition of the lungs is carried out.

"Arina". X-ray machine

This equipment is widely used in the oil and gas industry not only on the territory of our country, but also near abroad. The impulse portable X-ray machine Arina is unpretentious in its work. It is successfully operated both at low temperatures (-40) and at high temperatures (50 degrees above zero). This is a small device, so its weight is small. It is easy to maintain.

A wide radiation angle allows directional and panoramic X-ray. If you use a special power source, the Arina device becomes completely autonomous. It includes an X-ray unit and a portable control panel. They are connected by a twenty-five meter cable. The digital X-ray machine Arina has several varieties. They differ from each other in construction:

• "Arina-1" has built-in rechargeable batteries, which makes it much easier to work in the field, and a little power. This allows you to work with the device without applying special protection measures.
• The Arina-3 X-ray apparatus is equipped with external battery cells, which facilitates its weight. The merits include the possibility of translucent steel up to 40 mm thick, and the disadvantages - the lack of protection against overheating.
• "Arina-7" is the most popular impulse device in our country. It is capable of radiating steel up to 80 mm thick and has an increased working voltage of up to 250 kV.

Dental X-ray machine

A qualitative diagnosis in any disease can detect the very cause of the disease and quickly cure it. The dental x-ray machine can be found today in any dental clinic. With its help, the problem is immediately determined and the correct diagnosis is made. This device is safe because of the low level of radiation, so it can be placed directly in the dental office, which will save the working space and time of the doctor and patient.

Dental X-ray device "Pardus-02" is the most popular for conducting dental diagnostics. With its help you can get sighting and panoramic shots. The transition from one survey to another takes one minute. With the help of a panoramic image, the doctor evaluates the general condition of the patient's teeth, and the sighting allows you to monitor the treatment process.

Digital X-ray Room Camera

This device performs the functions of the C-arm and the tomograph. Using it, you can quickly obtain digital projection pictures of any parts of the human body. The digital X-ray machine is designed to work both in specialized offices and offices, and in the wards of hospitals, which allows for the examination of the patient before, during and after the operation, without moving the patient. This device is of particular importance for performing a tomography of the skull in order to detect malignant tumors.

The ward x-ray apparatus has:

• Vertical tripod with a moving carriage and an X-ray monoblock mounted on it.
• Movable base with brake pedals installed on it.
• Two roller wheels in front and behind.

X-ray portable device LORAD LPX

Commercial and military aerospace programs are developed taking into account the reliability of all components that provide high-tech processes. Since the cost of manufacturing parts is very high, you need to constantly monitor their quality. To do this, use a portable X-ray machine series LORAD LPX.

These devices produce different models: with liquid and air cooling. But all of them are designed for continuous operation, which is very beneficial. Devices of this series are used in various climatic conditions, but the most common are liquid-cooled devices, since they are not a source of ignition. This is especially important when fuel cells are surveyed and flammable substances enter the air. Apparatuses with air cooling find application in those cases when it is possible to supply air for cooling or when the requirements for fire and explosive safety are not very high.

Mobile X-ray machine

These devices are the most in demand in medical institutions. They have small dimensions, so they are very convenient to use. For examination of the patient, they can be used directly in the ward. Mobile X-ray machine is easy to place in any room. There are no age restrictions for taking pictures, and there is no need to move the patient. This is especially important for bedridden patients.

Mobile devices show accurate results, so they are widely used everywhere. They are equipped with wheels, due to which they have good maneuverability, and this is important for transportation. Mobile X-ray machines are used for instrumental intervention, to control the treatment of many diseases in the field of traumatology, orthopedics, urology, endoscopy, vascular surgery and others.

Mobile devices are devices intended for use in the field. They are installed and transported by special transport with a separate room, autonomous food and a personal photo lab. Such apparatuses are installed in railway wagons, on ships.

It's important to know

X-ray radiation in modern devices is very low. The dose of irradiation is comparable to that received by passengers during a flight on an airliner. This puts the diagnostic advantage of the X-ray method above the damage that radiation can do during the survey.

Important! Inadequate X-ray examination of young children and pregnant women. It is carried out only in case of vital necessity.