White people. Classification of human races

For today on our planet lives more than 7 billion people. Scientists predict that by 2050 this figure could increase to 9 billion. We are all alike, and each of us is unique. People vary in appearance, skin color, culture and characters. Today we will talk about the most obvious difference of our population - the color of the skin.

The classification of human races is as follows:

• Europeoid (white people);
• Nongloid (with a characteristic narrow incision of the eye);
• Negroid (black people).

That is, our entire population is divided into 3 types, and the inhabitants of the continents somehow belong to these three races. Let us consider in more detail each of them.

European race of the population

• The european. White people are a large group whose habitat originally included not only Europe, but also the Middle East and even Northern India.
• Physical signs. Most of the representatives of the Caucasoid race are people with the most white shade of skin (the tone of which, however, varies depending on the place of residence of people). Not only light skin but also light shade of eyes and hair distinguishes Northern people, but the more a person lives south, the darker his eyes and hair. Especially this transition is noticeable in the Hindus. Almost all Caucasians are of high or medium height, have large eyes and dense vegetation on the body.

About 40% of the entire population of our planet are white people. Now the Caucasians are scattered all over the world, but mostly they live in Europe, the United States, India, North Africa, where the majority of the population are Arabs, also belonging to the Europoid race. It includes the Egyptians.

The main types of Caucasians

White people are divided into the following subspecies: Indo-Mediterranean, Balkan-Caucasian and Middle European. The latter is the most numerous of all.

Indo-Mediterranean race is characterized by a comparatively thin complexion and narrow features combined with low growth. There are just pygmy representatives of this group.

The Balkan-Caucasian race is more massive and has large, broad features. A characteristic little hump on the nose, as some claim, is associated with a large volume of lungs and a developed thorax. The hue of their hair is mostly dark, like the eyes.

The European race of people also includes the Middle Europoidoid subspecies, which is something in between the above-described groups. The facial features of this group vary in a wide range.

If we consider the classification of Europoids more narrowly, they can be divided into three groups - northern, transitional and southern, with a multitude of subgroups and external features. Nevertheless, all of them are arbitrary, and if you visit any of them, you will understand that the similarity between the people of this group is relative.

Blue eyes are a sign of a European race

Blue eyes in humans are the result of a mutation in the 86 gene. For the first time this mutation arose among people living near the shores of the Black Sea, about 10,000 years ago.

People with white skin and blue eyes meet very often, especially in the northern corners of our planet, but other races are deprived of this beauty. Although recently you can see Negroids with blue or blue eyes. Scientists believe that in this case, among the ancestors of the child must be present blue-eyed europeoid.

The Mongoloid race

The Mongoloid race is located in Asia, Indonesia, parts of Siberia and even in America. These are people with yellow skin and a characteristic narrow cut of dark eyes. In outdated terminology, this race is called "yellow". These are the Yakuts, Buryats, Asian Eskimos, Indians and many others. In addition to the narrow section of the eyes, this race is distinguished by a broad, bilious face, black hair and almost complete absence of vegetation on the body (beard, mustache).

External features are due to the climatic conditions in which the race originally lived. Thus, the narrow slits of the eyes are designed to protect from the wind, and the vast nasal cavity performed an important function of heating the air that enters the lungs. Growth is predominantly low.

Types of Mongoloid race

In turn, the Mongoloid race is divided into:

• Northern Mongoloid.
• Asian continental.
• American (or Indian).

The first group includes, for example, Mongols and Buryats. These are typical representatives of the Mongoloid race, however, with a few vague features and a lighter shade of skin, hair and eyes.

The Asian continental group, living in Southeast Asia (Malays, Sands, etc.), is distinguished by a narrower face and a sparse vegetation on the face. Growth is significantly lower than other representatives of this race.

The American group finds a connection with both one and the other group. At the same time, there are some features that are "borrowed" from the Europoid race. This group is characterized by the presence of the darkest, brownish-yellowish skin tone, almost black eyes and hair. The face is wide, the nose protrudes strongly.

Negroids in the classification of races

The Negroid race, perhaps, is most recognizable even to the naked eye. People with dark skin (sometimes it has a golden brown hue), thick hair and characteristic wide lips, with protruding mucosa and nose. Here, the growth rate varies widely, from the highest to the lowest.

The main areal of habitat is South and Central Africa, although historical facts prove that originally the representatives of this race lived in North, rather than equatorial Africa. Now, North Africa is mostly inhabited by the Europoid race.

Currently, the Negroid race can be found in various parts of the world - America, the countries of the former USSR, France, Brazil, etc. Because of mixed marriages, the boundary between racial differences is steadily eroding, which is especially evident in Negroes who show high birth rates.

An interesting fact: the first inhabitants of the Sahara belonged to the Negroid race.

Appearance of Negroids was formed against the background of the climate of their historical homeland - dark skin protects from the sun, wide nostrils provide good heat transfer, and plump lips with protruding mucous allow you to get rid of excess moisture. Negroids in the historical homeland are divided according to skin tone, breadth of lips and nose, and these species are quite numerous. However, some believe: there is only one kind of Negroid race - Australoid.

Is there an Australoid race?

Yes, Austroloids exist, although they were often classed as Negroes. Today it is believed that Australolids are a related race with Negroids, which is only 0.3% of the total population of the Earth. The inhabitants of Australia and Negroes are really similar - the same dark skin, thick curly hair, dark eyes and large teeth. They are distinguished by high growth. However, some still consider them a separate race, which, perhaps, is not without foundation.

Australoid are also divided into species - Australian, Vedoid, Ainu, Polynesian, Andaman types. They live on the mainland by tribes and do not differ much from their ancestors in terms of education and living conditions. Another type disappeared in the 19th century, and now the disappearance threatens the Ainu form. Scientists believe that, being the least numerous race, Australoids will disappear much faster than other species of races, as a result of mixed marriages.

Conclusion

However, scientists argue that after thousands of years the difference of races will no longer have any weight, because they will be completely erased from the face of the earth. As a result of numerous mixed marriages (such children are called Sambo or Mestizo, depending on which types of races the child combines), the boundary between the historically formed external features is melting. Previously, races retained their uniqueness through isolation, which is currently absent. According to biological data, the marriages of Europeans and Mongoloids with Negroes are dominated by the genes of the latter.