What is the name of the country in the north of which the Assyrian state arose? History of its origin

Mesopotamia is a country in the north of which the Assyrian state arose. At one time it also gave rise to such kingdoms as Sumer, Akkad and Babylonia. However, Assyria belongs to the status of the first in the history of the world of the empire.

Foundation of establishment

Mesopotamia was in the valley of two rivers - Tigris and Euphrates, which is why it got its second name - Mesopotamia. The land of this region was not particularly suitable for farming. However, there were significant deposits of copper and iron ore, which people learned to process. In fact, this area existed for about 25 hundred years.

Historians count from the invention of writing until the conquest of these edges by the Persians. Researchers limit Mesopotamia to the two rivers named above : Tigris and Euphrates. This is exactly the country in the north of which the Assyrian state arose. The answer to the question of how the establishment of this kingdom was passing, is given by historians.

Even in the second half of the III millennium BC. E. The climate in the Arabian Peninsula has changed. Therefore, the Semitic tribes were forced to migrate to the middle of the Euphrates River. There, this people mingled with the ancient Assyrians. Thus, a poor state was formed.

A Modest Life

At first, this territory lagged far behind its neighbors. Residents of the kingdom were engaged in agriculture and gathering. The fields were sown with cereals. They skillfully grew barley and emmer. A variety of fruits ripened in the gardens. They had wonderful vineyards. There were no irrigation systems. Wet rain and snow.

But the main occupation was hunting. Later they began to domesticate animals, grazing sheep. There were horses and Assyrians. They were used both in the economy and in military affairs. Working with animals was hard enough. In winter, deep snow could fall on this territory. The summer was so hot that the sun dried the soil to dust.

From the countryside in a majestic state, this kingdom was helped to transform trade. In Mesopotamia were the largest cities of the time. Mesopotamia is also a country in the north of which the Assyrian state arose.

Trade as a way to success

The history of the great empire began with a small northern city of Ashur. The name he received in honor of the supreme deity. The point was mainly inhabited by merchants. In the XVI century BC. E. It was a trading power. The city became very rich due to its location. He lay at the intersection of trade routes, and merchants who traveled from Mesopotamia to the east and back, willingly rested at this point. For a long time the city did not receive political independence.

Add money to the treasury and the slave trade. This situation was typical of Ancient Mesopotamia (the country in the north of which the Assyrian state arose).

History (Grade 5) tells us that Mesopotamia was part of Assyria in the chronological period from the 9th to the 7th centuries BC. E. And this time falls on the Mid-Assyrian stage.

The last time period was preceded by the Old-Assyrian period. Then the kingdom gained independence for a short time. In 1970 BC. E. The power first passes to the indigenous inhabitants of Ashur. Although, after this stage, these territories were several times under the authority of other rulers.

Master's work

The state-country was led by the tsar. This title was inherited. The monarch in all matters was guided by the opinion of the nobles and elders. Some time the ruler concentrated in his hands all the main posts. He played the role of a priest, a military leader and even ran the economy.

During the entire period of the Staroassyrian period, this region fought for its independence. And from the XIV-IX centuries. BC. E. Assyria from time to time conquered the borderlands. Further, the state was under the authority of neighboring Mitanni.

Several centuries passed, and precisely because of the aggressive character of this kingdom, the world learned how the country is called, in the north of which the Assyrian state arose.

The origin of the kingdom

In 1300 the king of Assyria, Ashur-Uballit I, through diplomacy and cunning, liberated his state from the invaders and took the first steps towards the formation of the empire. One of his long successors Adad-nirari I brought the matter to an end. Then the period of conquests and losses of the captured territories began. Sometimes the area was reduced to the previous redistribution. Often the land on which the king's power was spreaded was reduced to the embankments of the Tigris River. The main objective of the then military operations was looting. At their expense, the country was enriched.

The emergence of the Assyrian state was at the beginning of the XI century BC. E. Then the king was Tiglatpalasar I. His army carried out more than 30 successful campaigns, as a result of which significant territories were captured. But the greatest profits were brought by trade routes, which again fell under the rule of Assyria.

Then, almost two hundred years, this land suffered from attacks by nomads. He brought the region out of the crisis Adad-nirari II.

Warfare

A period of prosperity fell on the New Assyrian kingdom. It dates from the X-VII centuries BC. E. At this time, new reforms were introduced. The army was strictly discipline. Soldiers were particularly cruel. Subsequently, even Mesopotamia, a country in the north of which the Assyrian state arose, could not boast of such military might.

The ruler Tiglatpalasar III became a true innovator in the military field. First of all, he issued a law, according to which recruits were recruited into the army. The second step - henceforth the military was on the full provision of the state. The number of soldiers could reach 120,000. In addition, the army was divided into parts, there were ranks. There were even scribes who were responsible for the counting. For example, how many captives were taken, what kind of good they managed to capture. Entertained the army musicians. Another characteristic feature of this period is the clairvoyant.

The Great Ruler

With this technique, the army became invincible. It's no wonder that the whole world knew, in the north of what country the Assyrian state arose.

Another tactic of the army is chariots. The soldiers on the carts, harnessed by four horses, could rush into the enemy's rear in a matter of minutes and inflict mortal blows on him. In addition, in this kingdom there were people who were engaged in the digging and destruction of the walls of the city, that they were keeping the defense. Significant use of the army was brought by spies.

A lot of good for his country made Tiglatpalasar III in other spheres. In particular, he relocated some peoples to the territories of others, thus mixing traditions and culture. Therefore, the colonies could not muster enough strength to fight against the empire.

Constant gains and successful policies brought fabulous wealth and cheap labor to the state.

The collapse of the kingdom

VII century BC. E. Became fatal for this people. Gradually, the great empire began to lose its positions. Mesopotamia, a country in the north of which the Assyrian state arose, was waiting for a new power. The next ruler of this land was Babylonia. It was this kingdom and the neighboring Medes who concluded an alliance to repel the enemy. Their armies attacked in two directions. With each battle, the empire lost its main cities.

But the death of Assyria - this was a historical pattern. Her kings and warriors were so bloodthirsty and cruel that they themselves later suffered from their insatiability. It became impossible to control such a large number of peoples. Then a riot broke out in one or another region.

The great kingdom could not withstand the impact of Babylonia and Media and fell. All the intelligentsia was exterminated, the cities were destroyed. It was not possible to restore the former power. The people of the aggressor country settled in different countries.