What is political modernization in a modern society?

Political modernization is an inalienable process in the political life of many countries, the essence of which is progressive development. There are several characteristic signs of this phenomenon that are present in all spheres of human society. First of all, economically, a feature of this phenomenon is a change in the mode of production and ways of economy in such a way that it corresponds to a modern open-type market system where the private sector plays the dominant role.

As for the social sphere, here political modernization manifests itself in the formation of an equilibrium social stratification, as well as the achievement of mass consumption through the development of a full-fledged civil society. As the result of socio-political interaction, the formation of a social society is called.

If we consider the cultural and spiritual areas of human consciousness, here the signs of modernization are the popularization of literacy among the population, the spread of liberal values and the multiplicity of humanitarian directions in science. A type of autonomous and free personality begins to form, which can have many attachments and activities that are not conditioned by state requirements and public opinion.

Political modernization manifests itself in the form of a process based on regular changes that begin in developed countries and extend to peripheral states. In the structure of societies that become participants in this process, there are certain institutions that act as channels for political and social change. Among them are:

1. The system of formal education, orienting the subject not to live in a local family or ethnic group, but to exist in the world system.

2. Work on industrial production of a modern type.

3. Living in a city that meets the latest standards.

Political modernization reflects the problems associated with the development of countries in a transitional environment. At present, this process is characterized by an increase in the ability of the political system to adapt to new examples of social goals and the opportunity to create new institutions that will be called upon to ensure the development of a new social system. This situation is conditioned by both objective (cultural and economic) and subjective (the ability to lead such changes) by factors.

As for the Russian Federation, we note that the political system of this country has always been distinguished by certain features. In particular, the main one is the dominant role of the state in all spheres of public life.

As the researchers note, political modernization in modern Russia is ambivalent: state actions are carried out both in a progressive and regressive direction. Signs of the first trend is the expansion of the introduction of social groups in political life, the weakening of the political elite and the loss of its legitimacy. As for the second, the reverse direction, it is characterized by the form of implementation of all modernizing processes. Thus, the methods of action of the state elite remain authoritarian, because they allow making decisions only unilaterally. Progressive development is also hampered by the political regime, which combines signs of democratic and authoritarian power.

Political modernization in history had several types of development:

1. The original, which was peculiar to the US and the countries of Western Europe and was characterized by a transition to a rational device due to internal development.

2. Secondary, inherent in countries seeking to "catch up" more successful states by using their experience.