What is geography?

Opening the question of what geography is (G.), we note that this is a fairly extensive system of sciences that deal with detailed study of the geographic envelope of the Earth, and also reveal temporal and spatial patterns. Thus, it studies the geospheres (soils, biosphere, atmosphere, etc.) and geological systems (landscapes, biogeocenoses and others).

Objects of study of this science are the laws of location and establishment of contacts between the components of the geographic sphere, as well as their combinations at the state, regional, oceanic and global levels. All this was the impetus for modern geography to focus on the line of branch disciplines. Thus, natural and social geographical sciences are distinguished. The basis of the first is landscape studies, studying landscape complexes, and geography, revealing the regularities of the geographical envelope. This includes such branch sciences as climatology, oceanology, hydrology and others.

Considering what is social geography, it should be noted that it is engaged in the study of the territorial organization of society. This includes economic, political, cultural and social geography.

In any case, any of the listed branch sciences has one goal - the justification of the methods of territorial formations of social groups, the definition of long-term goals and objectives for creating a safe ecological environment in which society will develop.

The foundations of geography were laid in the first century of our era. And already in the Renaissance the achievements in this area were rethought, cartography began to develop actively. In the XIX century, A. Humboldt and K. Ritter laid the foundations of modern academic teaching. To date, it is a complex of seven sciences, such as:

1.Mathematical G. - studies geodesy and astronomy, on the basis of the knowledge obtained, maps are created in different projections.

2. Geophysics - related to the study of physics, geology and astronomy.

3. Physical geography: oceanology, geology, climatology (meteorology) - synthesizes data on climatic differences on the Earth's surface.

4. What is biological geography? This science includes:

A) H. of animals (associated with the study of zoology);

B) plant G. - has a connection with botany.

5. Country studies - a detailed study of the history of the emergence of different countries.

6. Anthropogeography - is based on data from anthropology, statistics, ethnography, history, as well as biological and physical G.

7. History of geography - studying information about the Earth's surface, as well as geographical views and concepts.

All these sciences are closely related. If we consider an example, one can see that the main task of a specialist in this field is to study the geography of the country in depth, which is unthinkable without acquaintance with the geography connected with private geography

If we talk about what geography is for modern society, and what role it plays in its formation and development, it should be noted that for many centuries this science has ensured the connection of acquired knowledge with natural, social, economic processes, since here, Is given to the world of people, their relationship to each other and to nature, as well as to culture, life and so on.

Thus, considering what geography is, it is necessary to emphasize that this science has a great integration resource, it unites various branches of knowledge and research methods to provide assistance in solving the important problem of modern times - ensuring the sustainable development of mankind in various countries of the world.