Well viewing: description, device, types and features

In the sewage system, there are many elements that are designed to ensure the smooth operation of the network. The observation well acts as one of the main structures by which experts perform a test of the operability and cleaning of the sewage collector. This indicates that these components of the system are the central link of external sewerage.

The main varieties

Depending on the purpose, it is possible to distinguish some types of manholes, among them: linear, swivel, nodal, control, flushing, delta, and also special with enlarged dimensions of the throat. Linear should be located on rectilinear sections of the sewage system in steps that depend on the diameter of the pipe. The swivel bars are located in the places where the system changes the direction of the lines, for example, at turns. This type of well differs from the above described tray configurations, which is represented by a smooth curve shape with a minimum radius of curvature. It should be equal to three pipe diameters. When determining the angle of rotation, specialists should remember that it should not be more than 90 °. The junction well of the observation station is located at those points where several lines of the system are connected in a single whole. They have a trough knot that connects a maximum of three feeders and a discharge pipe. If it is a question of large collectors, the nodal wells in them are called connecting chambers.

Description of other types of manholes

Control wells are located at the points of connection of the yard, in-channel or factory network to the one that is located on the street. They are installed outside the construction line from the side of the houses. Such wells are necessary for controlling the operation of the system of objects to be added. In the starting areas, flushing wells are installed where there is a possibility of precipitation due to insignificant speeds. Differential wells should be located at points where the inlet pipe and the marking of the outlet pipe tray differ. Special wells have a more impressive neck and hatch. The collector must have a diameter of 600 mm, and the distance between the wells will be 50 m and more.

Features of a manhole

The observation well has a base tray, a hatch, a neck and a working chamber. The structure can be made of different materials: quarry stone, reinforced concrete blocks or brick. In the diagram, these elements are indicated by polygonal, round or rectangular shapes. The base has a reinforced concrete slab laid on a pillow made of rubble. The main technological part is a tray, made of monolithic concrete M200. In this case, formwork is used, which is poured with cement mortar and strengthened by reinforcement.

The observation well has a pipeline that goes into the tray part, the sewage flows through it. If we are talking about a linear version of the well, then its tray part is straight, and the bottom part is vertical. The height of the tray should not be less than the parameter that determines the diameter of the larger pipe. On both sides of the tray there must be shelves that have a slope in its direction. These shelves will serve as the sites where the workers are housed during the repair work.

Features of the main components of the well

If you are interested in the device of a manhole, then you should know that its working chamber has a height of 1800 mm. Whereas the diameter will be determined by the diameter of the pipe. If the last parameter is 600 mm, the diameter of the working chamber should be 1000 mm. The neck has standard dimensions, which are equal to 700 mm. If the diameter of the pipe is 600 mm, then the neck should be placed in such a way that cleaning devices can be placed in it. For descent the working chamber and the neck are equipped with staples and hinged ladders.

State standards for hatches

A common man may think that the hatch is not such an important element of the manhole. But this is not so. The main material for the production of this component is cast iron. Hatches pig-iron for inspection wells are made in accordance with GOST 3634-61. This element has, as a part, a body with a lid for installation on the neck, and the diameter of the latter must be equal to 700 mm. The holes for the passage have a diameter of 620 mm. If there is a need to lay the hatch on the roadway, its mass will be 134 kg, while the lungs are located on the sidewalks, and their weight is 80 kg.

Manholes of inspection wells, the GOST of manufacturing of which was mentioned above, can be made of polymeric materials, the latter are characterized by lightness, strength, ecological safety and durability. When using polymeric materials, ingredients are added to the ingredients during the manufacturing process, fillers that make the processing process impossible are added. Therefore, such products are not of interest to recipients of recyclables.

Well construction

In order for the system to function correctly, GOST must be used, inspection wells are performed according to standards 8020-90. At the initial stage, excavation works are carried out, which include the need to dig a trench and foundation pit. Prior to this, specialists carry out preparatory work in the form of marking the territory, demolishing the bushes and assembling the assembly to the construction site. After the foundation pit is ready, the bottom is cleaned, the corners of the slopes of the walls are checked against the project, as well as the level of the foundation. If you decide to use a stone structure, then at the bottom of the pit it is necessary to equip the waterproofing layer, the thickness of which should be 20 cm. The waterproofing can be done with bitumen mastic.

To create a concrete or reinforced concrete well , prepare the base, make a concrete cushion, the thickness of the latter should be 10 cm. You can apply a ready-made concrete slab.

Methods of work

Specialists carry out the installation of the tray of the desired shape of concrete with reinforcement in the form of reinforcement. The ends of pipes should be filled with concrete or bitumen. The inner surface of the rings is treated with bitumen. Once the bottom gets strength, you can start installing rings and slabs. Then it is necessary to wipe the seams with grout and waterproof them with the same bitumen. In places where the pipeline will enter the system, you should make a clay 30-cm lock, the height of which is more by 60 cm compared to the diameter of the pipe.

Final work

Tests must be carried out within 24 hours, the well is filled with water to the upper edge for this purpose, and plugs are installed on the pipes. This recommendation is only valid for sealed containers. Outside, the walls are covered with soil, which is compacted well. Around the throat is a concrete blind, the width of which is 1.5 m. The remaining joints should be isolated with bitumen.

Conclusion

If you want the sewage system to work properly, then you should use GOST. Hatches of cast iron for inspection wells, for example, are also manufactured according to state standards, which were mentioned in the article above.