Weather conditions. Abnormal weather phenomena. Signs of weather phenomena

People often can not orient themselves and name everyday things that they face every day. We, like scouts, "eye zamylivaetsya." We can talk about high matter, complex technologies, and we can not say what weather phenomena are like. Of course, this is not an indicator of illiteracy. Rather, these concepts are so familiar and natural that they do not need, in our opinion, to be interpreted. Indeed, why give a definition to what is clear, without any abstruse words? And yet, each of us heard a story about the weather phenomena in school. Perhaps, he answered without hesitation to the relevant questions of the teacher. But now everything is lost in memory. Let's restore knowledge, so as not to get into trouble!

What it is?

Probably, this is the most difficult question. Weather phenomena are all that occurs in the toposphere, being formed under the influence of climatic and natural factors. They can be periodic and spontaneous. It all depends on the circumstances. Weather phenomena are formed under the influence of the rotation of the Earth - daily and annual. It is necessary to describe them separately. To complete the picture, it is also necessary to give some examples. Thus, weather phenomena are precipitation (all), wind, rainbow and northern lights. You can continue to enumerate. Now you probably understood what we are talking about. This is what directly affects all living organisms on earth, what, ultimately, depends on the development of plants, and hence the existence of the animal kingdom (together with us).

Rain

The story of the weather phenomena can start with water droplets, which from time to time fall on our head. This process is not entirely independent. The fact is that the water is in constant motion. It goes from one aggregate state to another. In the form of a pair we see it in the sky (clouds and clouds). But at some point it goes into a liquid state and is spilled on the ground by rain or rain. Such weather phenomena in summer (during warm weather) are observed more often than in winter. Rains happen different: usual, long, stormy, "blind", short-term, mushroom and so on. And it's not just poetic epithets. These terms indicate the characteristics of the rain. For example, long - this adjective means that it goes for a long time, without ceasing. The rainfall has an increased intensity, over a certain period, more water falls out than during other precipitations. We all love a mushroom (blind) rain. It splashes against the background of sunlight. Clouds do not cover the star. A brief rain flies suddenly and quickly passes. Most often it is difficult to predict in advance.

Snow

Consider the weather phenomena in the children's team is taken with this type of precipitation. They fall out in the cold season. Water, which is in the gaseous state in the high layers of the atmosphere, bypasses the layers with low temperature, freezes. Get snowflakes of the correct geometric shape. Each of them is individual, unique. But they all have six rays with needles at the ends. These are frozen molecules of water. Snow is of great importance for the plant and animal world. It plays the role of a "warm blanket", covering the ground and the root systems in it from the cold. It hides small animals. More snow creates a "reserve" of water for the spring. When the earth starts to warm up, plants wake up and require moisture for development. It gives them melting snow.

Wind

The movement of air masses, which runs parallel to the earth's surface, forms this weather phenomenon. It is caused by the temperature difference. Classify the wind in terms of speed, duration and power of impact. For several months, monsoons are blowing. They are caused by seasonal temperature changes. Trade winds are winds that never stop. They are constant. They are caused by the difference in air temperatures in different latitudes. In addition, the strength and direction of the wind affects the geography of the terrain (mountains and steppes, the ocean). The air is never static. He is constantly moving, changing direction. This is due to the uneven distribution of atmospheric pressure. The wind blows from areas with a high index towards those areas where it is lower.

Grad

This is another type of precipitation. It should not be confused with snow. Grad - ice cubs falling from the sky. It can go not only on frosty days. If snow is obtained by hardening water passing through layers of air at low temperature, then hail is formed at the top, in the clouds. The ice particles themselves can have different sizes - from a few millimeters to a centimeter and even more. Unusual ice precipitation is often described by those who investigate abnormal weather events. In the summer, hail can do a lot of harm to agricultural enterprises. Ice balls harm plants, and can completely destroy crops. Therefore, weather and weather phenomena for agrarians are so important. The special service is engaged in making forecasts to prevent negative consequences of precipitation or winds. People have learned to fight with cumulus clouds, in which hail is born. They release special charges, causing rain to rain to form ice blocks of menacing size.

Fog

This phenomenon is represented by small droplets of water or particles of ice that collect near the surface of the earth. The fog has a different density. Sometimes it greatly reduces visibility, which is dangerous for drivers and passengers. It is formed as a result of the contact of air currents having different temperatures. At the same time, atmospheric moisture forms fog particles. Most often it is observed near reservoirs, where there is sufficient evaporation. But in places with a low humidity it can form. It is explained by human activity. Fuel, burning, leads to the condensation of water vapor, which can cause the appearance of fog.

Frost

Another type of precipitation. It is formed when the daily temperature fluctuation is high enough. That is, the day is warm, and moisture quickly evaporates. And at night the temperature drops, then the water settles on the ground and plants, and they, in turn, freeze. Most often, frost covers objects with low thermal conductivity. We can observe it on grass, wood, earth. The wind prevents the formation of frost. It just blows the moist air. There are very interesting cases of precipitation of this type of precipitation. Call them frost flowers. These are clusters of ice crystals of various shapes that cover individual areas of surfaces. They really resemble flowers and plants.

Rainbow

You can not ignore this phenomenon by studying weather phenomena. In summer, the rainbow often appears after or during the rain. Sunlight is refracted through droplets, as on lenses. It turns out what physicists call the phenomenon of interference. White light forms 7 colors (spectrum). But this does not mean that everything will be visible to the human eye at once. The rainbow spectator is in the form of a multicolor rocker whose ends tend to the ground (but do not touch it). It appears only when the sun is shining and it's raining. You can also see it at the fountain or the waterfall. Rainbow - a very beautiful and impressive phenomenon.

Notation of weather phenomena

Since changes in the state of the atmosphere are important for many people, special services are engaged in its study, forecasting and informing the public about their findings. Today you can see such information on various specialized resources, in newspapers and magazines. For the purpose of unifying data, weather event designations were created. They are understandable to people speaking and thinking in any language. For example, if you see a snowflake, anyone will understand what to expect. The rain is marked with droplets, the wind is an arrow, next to which are written special indicators (speed and direction). The rainbow in special forecasts is represented by a short curved curve, grad - by a triangle. It is customary to draw a thunderbolt in the form of lightning, which often accompanies it. There are other, special signs.

How to tell the children about the phenomena of nature

Parents often face such a problem. It is difficult for them to encapsulate ordinary things in lexical forms. Probably, it makes sense to start creating a plan. You can tell about weather phenomena briefly or in detail. It is advisable to conduct several "lessons" so that the child will remember the material. The more so that in life he will face it constantly. Topic: "Weather phenomena" for children is very interesting, especially if you submit information along with examples. Well, if you show them "in natural conditions", but not, so at least prepare the pictures. The fact is that it is easier to take this rather complicated material. Yes, yes, do not be surprised. It's for us, adults, everything is clear, and kids need to learn a lot more. Topic: "Weather phenomena" for young children is still a bit complicated. Here, for example, what to say about the rainbow? Physics children in the garden have not yet been studied, nothing is known about the world. You can conduct an experiment with the pyramid and try to explain in simple words what is happening. And it is better, of course, to see any phenomenon with your own eyes. Benefit now there is no shortage of video materials containing such information. They must be used.

Overall plan

On the weather phenomena must be told harmoniously and consistently. The fact is that they are all interconnected, they are born sometimes due to the same reasons. In order for children to understand what is flowing from, one must adhere to logic. It is recommended to start with the winds. For them to consider the precipitation - from simple to complex. If the child understands how the rain turns out, then he will learn the sources of hail with snow. More complicated will be the appearance of fog and frost. Perhaps you just have to point out their existence without going into the source. They can be reviewed later, when the child learns the necessary basic knowledge.

The most interesting

To ensure that the children's attention is not dissipated (like that fog), it is necessary to "dilute" the stories with facts that would help them to concentrate, provoked interest. In this case, these may be signs of weather phenomena. This is a kind of transition from a "boring" theory to practice. If you talk about rain, you can see that the forerunner of its appearance will be clouds or clouds. Of course, this is a kind of cunning, but to understand the process this fact is important. In addition, children will be interested in people's signs that exist for almost any of the phenomena. To the rain - the swallows fly low, the wind raises dust with a pillar. But the burgundy sunset says that there is a hurricane. Will take a lot. If you accompany such examples of a story about weather phenomena, then with the memorization of any problems will not arise. And it is also recommended to repeat the material whenever changes occur in the weather.