Ways of transportation of the victim: description, rules and recommendations

Among the key tasks for first aid, it is important to provide immediate and correct ways of transporting the victim to the hospital. It should be understood that incorrectly performed movement can cause deterioration in the physical condition of the injured, adversely affect the functioning of the heart system and cause pain shock.

Professional help for those in need

What are the ways of transportation of the victim? The most correct is the so-called long-term method, when specialists of the emergency medical team are engaged in transportation.

It is professionals who are qualified to provide security and maximum convenience when transporting the injured person after providing him with emergency assistance at the scene. For this purpose, special sanitary vehicles are equipped with an easily extendable stretcher, which provides the injured person maximum peace during the movement.

Stretchers are installed from the injured side (if the spine is damaged - in a convenient place). 2-3 people fall on their knees near the healthy side of the body, gently bring their hands under the injured and synchronously raise it. Immediately, a free person moves the stretcher under the affected person, to which the rest of the rescuers carefully pack it.

Porters (3-4 people) should move leisurely, not necessarily in the foot, trying to avoid uneven surfaces. When climbing upwards, it is necessary to carry the head forward along the injured steps, during the descent - forward with the legs, while the stretcher should always be strictly in the horizontal position.

If there is no time to wait for help

Sometimes there are situations when the transportation of a person who has received damage must be placed on his or her shoulders to people who have witnessed a critical situation or who have found themselves in a dangerous situation nearby. Transportation of a traumatized person is carried out in-house with:

• The probability of the rapid arrival of an ambulance;
• Existence of a threat to life at the site of injury (for example, the railroad cloth, smoke or burning building, threat of collapse).

In this case it is necessary to apply such methods of transportation of the victim, as an emergency and short-term.

The emergency is applied in case of presence of a direct threat to life, takes 5-30 seconds. To remove from the risk zone, any acceptable means of transporting the victim is used. In the process of carrying (transport) there is a high probability of careless damage to human health, but in the struggle for his life, the rules of transportation must be neglected.

Help yourself

Short-term movement is carried out by nearby people for a short distance to the nearest safe place (within a radius of 50-300 meters), where the necessary assistance will be provided. The victim should be transferred as carefully as possible, trying to protect him from pain.

Since in the conditions of modern life non-specialists often use the short-term method, one should know several important rules for its implementation. Preparing to transport a person in need of help, it is necessary to first assess the nature and nature of the injuries received, especially if it concerns the neck and spine. You also need to examine the head, chest, abdomen, pelvic area, limbs, which in case of damage during transport should be maintained. You should make sure that the person is conscious; When unconscious, check breathing and pulse.

What are the ways of transportation of the victim with damage of different nature? The victim with serious injuries must be moved without changing the body posture. If the cervical spine is touched, you need to fix the head and neck area.

Transportation of victims: types and methods

In relatively dangerous cases in order to prevent asphyxia (due to language loss) and getting into the respiratory organs of the vomit, the victim is transferred with his head turned to the side.

Moving in the "on the side" position is carried out at:

• Vomiting;
• Burns;
• Unconsciousness;
• Non-penetrating wounds of the back of the body (thighs, buttocks, back).

In the sitting position, the patient should be transported at:

• Traumas of the thoracic region, cervical region;
• Fractures of the extremities.

The position of "lying on your back" with slightly raised legs when:

• Damage to the abdominal region;
• Significant loss of blood;
• Internal bleeding.

Moving "lying on your back" with slightly diluted legs and popliteal roller with the assumption:

• About damage to the spine, spinal cord;
• Fracture of pelvic bones.

Applying different methods of transporting the victim, it is important to monitor the patient's condition. If you feel worse, you should stop and start activities to save a person. Resuscitation should be carried out until respiratory activity is restored or medical specialists arrive.

Use everything that is at hand

In the absence of special stretchers, the latter can be built from improvised means (boards, poles, blankets, sacks, coats). The main thing is that the portable means should be strong and able to withstand the heaviness of the human body. With the stiffness of the homemade stretcher, any soft material (clothing, hay) should be placed under the patient. As a stretcher, 2-3 straps, thick rope, canvas rags, towels, sheets can be used.

Sometimes first aid is provided in conditions when there are no improvised means or time for their production. In this case, the carriage of the injured is carried out on the hands. The main ways of transporting victims by one person:

• On the back (if the victim is able to hold);
• On the arms or on the shoulder (if the person is very weak or is unconscious).

Two rescuers can carry the injured on the "lock" of the connected 3 or 4 hands, provided that the latter is conscious and can independently hold.

Transportation of the victim in various ways, carried out by one or two people, is carried out for short distances and requires the use of great physical strength.

How to use a stretcher

Moving the victim is greatly facilitated with a stretcher strap - a thick canvas belt with a metal buckle for securing both ends. To facilitate the transfer of stretchers, the strap should be twisted by a "eight" loop, fitting it under the growth of the carrier. A loop, the length of which should correspond to the span of the arms diverged in width, pounces on the shoulders in such a way that its cross is located on the back. In the hinges on the sides, which must be at the level of the hands, the stretcher handles are passed. This method of carrying the victim greatly facilitates the burden on the hands.

It is important that in the process of transportation the rescuer, by his behavior, conversations, actions, spares the mentality of the injured as much as possible and strengthens his confidence in the favorable outcome of the event.

What are the ways of transporting the victim to the water?

Accidents on the water can be triggered by various circumstances: inability to swim, bathing in a state of intoxication, violation of the rules of behavior on the water, fear, fear and so on. A person, seized with panic and fear, is not able to regard the situation soberly: makes meaningless chaotic movements, quickly weakens and loses strength.

What are the ways of transportation of the victim on the water? To save a sinking person, it is necessary to take a number of the following actions:

• Maximally approach it by land;
• Remove the outer clothing and shoes, in order to avoid accumulation of water, remove pockets;
• Jump into the water and swim to the drowning;
• When you dive, drowning under the water dive and try to see it or find it;
• Turn on your back.

In the process of salvation, it should be understood that a drowning man carries a danger to his rescuer, as he clings convulsively at everything that can be reached. Therefore, it is important for the rescuer to free himself from the captures of the sinking as quickly as possible, while trying to act coolly and calmly.

Ways of transportation of the victim on water:

• Grab his head behind his chin with both hands (you can only row with your feet);
• Push his left hand under the left arm of the sinking, while trying to grab the wrist of the other hand (you can only row with one hand and foot);
• Grab by the hair, hold the head of the sinking over the water, placing on your forearm (row with one hand and legs).

Save a drowning man

After the delivery of the sinking ashore (the ways of transporting the victim on the water listed above), it should be rendered emergency aid:

• Help get rid of the water that has fallen into the internal organs. To do this, you need to stand on one knee, place the person on his belly down, open his mouth. Press your hands on your back in the area of the stomach, thus freeing the body of water.
• Make artificial respiration. Undress the drowned man, turn it over his back, place his head on a raised platform or on his knees. Clamp the victim's nose, draw air into his lungs and exhale into his mouth: in 4 seconds, about 1 action on exhalation.

• Conduct an indirect cardiac massage (if necessary). Place the palms one on one, place on the chest of a drowned man. In the intervals between exhalations, rhythmically produce 4 strokes. The pressure on the chest should be strong enough for the sternum to move down approximately 5 cm.

It is most convenient to bring the two people together: one person is engaged in a massage, and the other is making artificial respiration.