Voronezh: climate, resources, ecology

In the heart of the black earth region of Russia, on both banks of the Voronezh reservoir lies the ancient Russian city of Voronezh. The climate of the regional center has moderately continental characteristics. The average temperature in the midst of the winter months ranges from -8 ... -10 ° C.

Climatic conditions

Summer brings to Voronezh the climate is hot and dry. The column of the thermometer often exceeds the mark of +30 ° С, the average temperature varies in the range of + 19 ... + 21 ° С. Within one year in the city falls more than five hundred millimeters of precipitation.

At the very end of December, and sometimes in January, the long-awaited snow comes to Voronezh. The climate in the city in winter is marked by the influence of southern and western winds.

In summer, the northern and eastern air currents dominate the municipality, which often bring a cold snap in the end of June. The windiest season of the year is winter.

Winter

About one hundred and twenty days the winter lasts in the city of Voronezh. The climate in these parts often presents surprises to residents. The winter season is unstable.

The periods of severe frost are followed by a thaw. The air temperature changes rapidly. The diurnal difference in the thermometer readings may be ten, or even all twenty degrees.

Spring

The weather in Voronezh in the spring is just as unpredictable. March is characterized by an abundant melting of snow. The column of the thermometer rushes to the divisions with the plus sign.

April gives residents of the metropolis the warmth that is so desired after a long winter, but it is deceptive in these places. The daytime temperature of +20 ° C can easily be replaced by night frosts with snow and snowstorm.

Summer

The weather in Voronezh in summer is under the direct influence of Kazakhstani air masses. They bring arid and hot days to the region. The planned drop in temperature occurs in the second half of August. Thus, the nature of Voronezh begins to prepare for the coming autumn.

Autumn

Already in September, the regional center becomes noticeably cooler, the difference between daytime and nighttime air temperatures increases.

According to the geographical information, Voronezh is a climatic zone, which includes the city itself, and the region headed by it. It occupies the territory between Lipetsk, Tambov, Belgorod, Volgograd, Saratov, Kursk and Rostov regions. In addition, the region has a common border with Ukraine.

Ecological situation

The ecology of Voronezh is recognized as relatively prosperous, in comparison with the natural conditions of other settlements of the Russian Federation. On the territory of the region there are several reserves and sanctuaries. Some of them were given the international status of biosphere reserves.

Raw materials base

In various areas of the Voronezh region, minerals and minerals are mined. In the quarries of the deposits, granites and special refractory clays are mined. Sands, limestones, clays, mineral pigments, loams and sandstones are almost everywhere in the region.

The official status of the fields is assigned to a hundred quarries. More than half of them are in active development.

Reservoirs

The main river of the region is Don. Anyway, all the rivers and rivers that carry their waters through the lands of the Voronezh region belong to its single basin. In addition to the Don River, other large bodies of water flow near Voronezh. These are the rivers Voronezh and Bityug, Khoper, Maid, Black Kalitva, Crow.

The Voronezh River is partially enclosed and used as a city reservoir, which divides the regional center into two parts: the left and right banks of the city.

Forests and steppes

Voronezh region can be safely attributed to both regions with abundant forest plantations, and to those that are characterized by the presence of a steppe landscape. The north of the region is mostly forest, but the south is a steppe.

Forest tracts occupy about five hundred thousand hectares. Exploited or potentially exploited forests are represented by plantations in the amount of two hundred and fifty thousand hectares.

The number of coniferous and forest plantations is practically the same. Conifers occupy one hundred three thousand hectares, and deciduous breeds - one hundred and eighty thousand. Annually about two hundred thousand hectares are exposed to fires and forest fires.

Voronezh Reserve

The Voronezh Reserve stretches along the northern tip of the Voronezh Region towards Lipetsk. The status of the state-protected natural area was assigned to him in 1927.

The area of the biosphere reserve exceeds thirty thousand hectares, of which twenty-eight thousand are represented by forest plantations. On the territory of the reserve flow small rivers Hava, Usman and Ivnitsa.

The basis of the reserve is coniferous forests, in particular pine. The age of the oldest trees has exceeded one hundred and thirty years. Also there are oaks, mountain ash, birch, broom. The soil in the forest is almost completely covered with moss. Near the rivers and next to the swampy areas are meadows, overgrown with nettles, sedge, tavolga. In the marshes grow forest berries.

Animal world

In total, the reserve has more than one hundred and fifty different bird species, fifty mammals and eight types of reptiles. In the greatest quantity in the forest there are beavers, deer, wild boars and moose, otters, roe deer, muskrats. Of birds, ornithologists distinguish a heron, eagle, crane, owl, osprey.

The wildlife of another reserve in the Voronezh Region is no less rich and diverse . In the Khopersky Biosphere Reserve live wolves and hares, foxes, badgers, weasels and mink, ferrets, ground squirrels, jerboas, squirrels and water rats.