Types of roofs by design (photo). Types of gable roofs. Types of roofs of private houses with an attic

Types of roofs by design are determined at the design stage of the house. When choosing a configuration, it is necessary to take into account the external appearance and facade of the building, as well as the climatic conditions in which the structure is located, the general architectural requirements.

General about roofs

Types of roofs of private houses and their names are determined by their technical characteristics. In many respects the aesthetics and character of the building depend on the roof. It can have one, two or more skates, be flat or exclusive. Roofs with the presence of two or four stingrays are more typical for cottages.

Flat structures are used in multi-storey and industrial buildings. These are the most common types of roofs for a garage and outbuildings. However, flat ones have a big drawback - they quickly give a leak and their maintenance takes more money than a pitched roof.

Do not confuse the concept of "roof" and "roof", because these elements, although related to each other, but the essence of their device is different. The roof is the uppermost element of the structure, performing the enclosing, supporting, water and heat insulation function. Roofing is a part of the roof, protecting the structure from the external influences of the atmosphere. For its installation use slate, tile, metal and other roofing materials. Types of roofs for a private house will be presented in this article.

Classification by inclination angle

According to the angle of the slopes of the skates, the roofs are divided into flat and sloping roofs. A roof with a flat ramp is considered to be one in which the angle of inclination of the opposite edges does not exceed 2.5 degrees. This design has a significant drawback - it retains sediments, which subsequently lead to wear and leakage.

Fallen foliage and sediments from the gently sloping roof are removed by hand. For the construction of cottages and private houses this construction is not used. Flat roofs are crowned with multi-storey and industrial buildings, non-residential buildings and garages.

In the construction of private houses, almost always use sloping structures. This will be considered a roof, if the angle of inclination is equal to or exceeds 10 degrees. The skates do not stagnate snow and moisture, which reduces the external pressure on the roof.

Types of roofs by design: photo and definition

There are roofs, divided with the room, ie attic, and combined with the room - bescherdachnye. Attic, in turn, are heated and unheated. Uncards are divided into fully or partially ventilated and unventilated.

The possibility of using the roof for domestic and other purposes divides them into exploited and unexploited. Technological progress and imagination of the designers gave us a variety of types of roofs by design. The photos and drawings presented in this article will allow you to visually familiarize yourself with them.

Kinds and designs of roofs of the house on the geometrical form

One-pitched roofs represent a single plane, lying on rafters, installed at different heights, due to which a slope is formed in one direction. The most suitable variant of the roof for economic construction is not too expensive and not too time consuming. Any roofing material can be used as a coating. Attic space at one slope is missing. However, it is still possible to equip the attic under a gable roof, but this will require a special additional project.

Gable roofs consist of two planes, lying on the bearing walls, on one level. In another way, such roofs are called gable. The triangular section of the wall, "sandwiched" between the two slopes, is called the "tweezer". The plugging design is more complicated than the one-sided, but it is much simpler than all other types of roofs.

Gable constructions also share in a certain way. Types of gable roofs: mansard and raznoschatnaya. For the mansard are broken broken lines at different angles and pentagonal pediments. This design assumes more free space for the organization of the attic. The upper slopes are located at a small angle.

Advantages and disadvantages of the gable roof

The ability to regulate the cornice plumb bobs gives a two-sloped view of the roofs of private houses. Drawings and additional projects in this case do not need to, because the integrity of the common roof is not violated. The gable roof also has other noticeable advantages over other configurations:

• Price accessibility erection.
• Simplicity and economy of a design.
• High-grade building height and the possibility of window arrangement in the field of pediments.
• Simplicity of independent construction without attraction of expensive experts.

The disadvantages are:

• Dependence of height and angle of inclination on the area of the house. The larger the house, the more material is required to create a gable roof.
• The organization of the attic requires an increase in the height and number of load-bearing elements, which increases the cost of construction.

Roof for the house with an attic

Mansard types of gable roofs are built during the construction of dachas and cottages. The height of the attic roof according to technological standards can not be less than 2.3 m, since this height is provided for the ceilings of living quarters. The rafter system of the attic is padded and hanging.

The layered system is permissible only when the distance between two bearing walls is not more than 7 meters. Its essence lies in the fact that one end of the rafters enters the supporting wall, and the other - into the interior wall or specially erected support structure.

On the principle of layered rafters some types of roofs of private houses with an attic are based. Hanging rafters are used when the structure does not have internal capital walls. Support for suspended farms is Mauerlat (log or very thick bar, located on the upper edge of the outer wall). To resist the load, the trusses are fastened with staples or wire.

The attic roof is also divided into several types. It:

• Symmetrical.
• Unbalanced.
• Broken.
• Shatrovaya.

A symmetrical attic is created with a gable roof. In this attic room will have walls of the same height and width. Symmetrical shape allows you to install under the roof full windows, and if necessary, the door, if you are going to the balcony.

The asymmetrical shape is provided by the hip position of the skates. At the same time, the attic room will have a small area. Two of its walls will have the form of triangles, and the other two - trapezium.

The broken gable roof is so called because it has external fractures of the facets to expand the attic space. A feature of the broken construction is the small height of the walls in the attic room. Such a roof is often installed in those cases when the attic is built on the already built house. The broken construction eliminates the load on the foundation, which was not intended to create another residential floor.

Under the hipped roof, the attic can be round, conical, pyramidal. It is very difficult to equip window or door openings in such a specific room, as they must be made according to special drawings. Simple rectangular openings in this case will not work.

Read more about hip and hipped construction

As mentioned above, a hip roof and a hipped roof are suitable for the construction of the attic floor .

The hip (four-slope) structure is distinguished by the fact that its two faces are triangular, and the other two are isosceles trapezoids.

Triangular ramps are located on the same plane with pediments, and they are called "hips". For a hip roof, a beam construction with a double puff is used. Precipitation from such a roof is removed quite simply. Hilting slopes tend to incline at an angle of 45 degrees.

A steep slope means the need for a drainage system. It is difficult to equip such a structure with your own hands, since it is characterized by a complex system of rafters, the installation of which requires precision and special skills.

There are also half-tiered roofs. This is the same hip construction, but the triangular slopes of it are truncated and installed under a smaller slope with respect to the trapezoidal rays.

A kind of hip roof is considered a hatch, in which all the slopes have the same geometric shape. The tent roof is arranged in case the base of the house is laid out in the form of a regular quadrangle or another regular polygon. This construction looks like a pyramid, as all the rays converge at one point at the top.

Advantages and disadvantages of hip and hipped construction

The advantages of these types of structures are:

• Tom, that houses with such roofs have an original, original appearance.
• Strength, durability and reliability.
• Stability to loads caused by winds and precipitation.
• Attic space is evenly warmed from all sides, which makes it possible to equip the attic with comfortable living conditions.

Tent and hip roofs also have some disadvantages:

• The structures are very difficult to erect and require special engineering calculations.
• Due to the large area of the skates, the structure is very heavy.
• The high cost of erecting the attic, as it requires the installation of additional walls in the attic space for its perimeter.

Multi-clasp and other rare types of roofs

There are also more complex types of roofs of private houses. The multi-clasp is one of these. This design is used on structures of polygonal shape, with attics and annexes. It is distinguished by the abundance of internal and external corners.

A large number of ribs and skates gives the house a peculiar zest and distinguishes it from others. Multiple configurations are the most spectacular types of roofs of private houses with a balcony and other household and decorative annexes.

Multi-hood roof implies the presence of a complex and verified rafter system, it is desirable to entrust its construction to experienced workers (since correction of mistakes made in self-construction will cost a great deal). Multi-clasp and hip are the most convenient types of roofs of private houses. With an attic or without it, a structure with such a roofing structure will be reliably protected from the influence of external negative factors.

Conical and domed roofs are rare, but interesting in their own way. Not every building will be able to crown such a construction. At the heart of the structure, claiming a conical roof or a dome, should either lie a circle, or only individual fragments of the building are covered by it - terraces, towers, verandas. The cone and dome are rather rare types of roofs of private houses with a veranda.

In the cottage architecture there are combined, complex combinations that combine the elements of tent, dome, gable and hip roofing structures. Such original types of roofs are crowned at home, created by intricate projects, with several residential levels, several balconies, verandas, terraces.

Basic elements of the roof

The final step in the construction of the house is the installation of the roof, designed to protect the home from rain, wind, cold and other weather "troubles". On how professionally the roof is erected, the durability of the building itself depends.

Despite the fact that the choice of materials and constructive solutions for the construction of the roof is very diverse, the principles and common elements will in any case be the same.

Roof pie is a structure consisting of several layers, creating a protective barrier against the penetration of moisture, thermal condensation, temperature losses and other negative circumstances associated with the exploitation of the roof. Layers of the cake are mounted in a strictly defined sequence, and each is interconnected with the previous one.

Frame - the system of rafters (load-bearing elements), on which the roofing cake is laid.

Roof cover - a special material designed to protect the building from climatic influences.

Overlap - a structural element of reinforced concrete slabs or lighter building materials, "lying" on the bearing walls and serving as a ceiling for rooms on the top floor of the building.

Types of roofing materials

There are the following types of roofing, and when selecting them, it is not necessary to take into account the types of roofs in the structure. Each of the types listed below is suitable for any form of frame.

• Slate - "budget" roofing material, but is in great demand among developers. Recently, slate production has declined due to the appearance of new profile coatings on the market.
• Rolled (soft) materials are made on bitumen base and also have an affordable price. However, they have a significant drawback - a weak resistance to temperature changes. Bituminous materials are easily softened in extreme heat and damaged in severe frost. Fragments of the coating are glued with mastic, which, when exposed to ultraviolet light, also loses its elasticity. It is believed that the life of the roll cover does not exceed 7 years.
• The following type of coatings include polymer mastics. They are used both for creating a new roofing for seamless technology, and for repairing old roofs of any type. Mastics are applied to the surface in liquid form and after hardening they create a smooth, seamless thermo-insulating monolithic coating. Their important property is plasticity, which preserves the integrity of the roof in the case of temperature deformations.
• Mastics are stable to sun and low temperatures, have a light weight and are very durable. Their service life is 25-28 years. Coatings based on rubber mastic are best suited for any type of roofs of private houses with an attic.
• Iron or galvanized sheets, coated with anticorrosive alloy of copper, titanium or zinc, enjoy constant popularity among buyers. They are released in rolls or sheets. The galvanized coating guarantees the safety of the roof for almost 90 years.
• Profiled sheets created by cold stamping of steel, imitating the texture of the shingles. The thickness of the sheet is 0.5 mm, its surface is treated with a zinc-aluminum alloy and an anticorrosive substance. The disadvantage of profiled steel is that it is not designed for bending and is absolutely not plastic. It is believed that this material is most suitable for simple pitched roofs of country houses and individual cottages.
• The next, no less common and well-known roofing is ceramic and cement tiles. This material is very heavy, so it can only cover slopes with an angle of inclination of at least 25 degrees, otherwise a powerful retention system of rafters will be needed. The durability of the roof tiles is high - 90 years or more.

Roof insulation and waterproofing

Whatever the types of roofs in the construction, they all need additional insulation and protection against moisture penetration. Especially it concerns the roofs, under which the attic rooms are located.

Warming is an important step in creating a reliable and high-quality roof pie. In order to live comfortably in the attic at any time of the year, it is necessary to choose the right thermal insulation material and install it professionally.

Warming, executed in compliance with all technological rules, ensures a normal microclimate in the room. Winter in the attic will be warm, and in the hot season there will be cool.

Thermal insulation mansard roof is made on the same principles as the conventional roofing structure, but with increased requirements due to the characteristics of the attic space. Its walls are formed due to the roof slopes and pediments, because of which in the summer the sun overheats them, and in winter such walls quickly freeze.

The roof pie of the attic consists of several layers, the sequence of which can not be violated. It:

• A layer of vapor barrier.
• Directly insulating material.
• Ventilation gap.
• Waterproofing.
• Roof covering.

Choosing a heater for a roof skylight, it is important to consider its thermal conductivity. This characteristic shows the ability of the material to pass heat inside or out. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the insulation, and the better it will protect the attic from cooling. Any kind of roofs of private houses with a mansard and garage in the cold season lose heat, as warm air rises according to physical laws.

Heat passes the roofing cake and comes to the cover, which is covered with snow in winter. If the air temperature is not lower than -2.5 degrees, snow due to the porous structure, serves as an external heat insulator.

If the heat loss is too active, the snow on the roof begins to melt, resulting in a crust of ice. It increases the load on the roof and, in contrast to snow, allows heat. If the roof insulation is mounted according to the rules, there will be no snow on the surface, so there will not be an ice crust, either.

In summer, when it's too hot, excessive heat enters the attic. The air heats up so much that even if there is an air conditioner, it is impossible to maintain a normal microclimate in the room. To avoid such problems, the roof of the attic is also thermally insulated from the inside.

Before installing the roofing cake for the attic, choose a thermal insulating material. The number of layers and the thickness of the insulation segment depend on the correct choice. The most common and available materials are:

• Extruded polystyrene.
• Polyurethane foam.
• Mineral and slag wool.
• Glass wool.
• Foamed glass.

Heaters based on natural materials can also be used: reed mats, wood chips, straw, slag.