Types of health: physical, mental, psychological, moral, social. Basics of Health

Under the concept of "health" many people mean only a list of specific physiological characteristics of a person. This understanding is false, but in fact it is worth considering on several levels. This is the only way to answer the question of how healthy a person is. So, let's analyze the types of health and dwell in detail on each of them.

Speaking about health, you need to know that this is a state of physical, mental and social well-being of a person and society as a whole (not only the absence of physiological problems and deficiencies).

Criteria of human health

Now, to draw a conclusion about the state of people, refer to the five main criteria:

1. Presence or absence of ailments, diseases.
2. Normal work in the system "the surrounding world is an individual".
3. Well-being in social life, mental work, spiritual activity, physical abilities of a person.
4. Ability to adapt to constantly changing environmental conditions.
5. The ability to perform qualitatively the functions assigned to an individual in social life.

The main types of health

Each person is treated as an interconnected system and in the study identify types of health: moral, physical, social, mental, psychological. From this it follows that one can not judge him by one of these spheres without considering the multifaceted personality.

At the moment, scientists failed to provide a specific method for studying the state for all of the above criteria, so it remains only to judge it, considering the levels of health separately. So, let's get started.

Types of health. Psychological and mental balance

Among the main conditions for a person's sustainable psychosocial progress (apart from the health of the nervous system), a friendly and pleasant environment is singled out.

According to the results of research and experiments conducted by WHO staff, the deviation of mental child health is most often recorded in families where differences and conflicts prevail. Also suffer are children who can not find a common language with their peers: are with them in a malevolent relationship or simply do not have friends. Psychologists explain this situation by the influence of discomfort and experiences on mental health.

Doctor of Sciences Nikiforov GS singles out the following levels of mental health: biological, social and psychological.

The first of them is associated with innate features of the body, the work of internal organs, dynamic or deviant performance of basic functions, a reaction to processes occurring in the surrounding world.

The second level speaks about the degree of inclusion of the individual in social life, his ability to interact with others in the process of activity, to find an approach to them.

The third level is indicative of the state of the inner world of a person, namely: self-esteem, belief in one's own strength, acceptance or non-acceptance of oneself and one's own characteristics, attitude to the world, society, events, the idea of life and the universe.

If the mental and psychological health of a person does not cause fear, then: his mental state is safe, he does not have any deviating psychological features, phenomena, painful ideas, he is able to adequately assess the reality and regulate his behavior.

A separate problem of psychological health in the 21st century is stress and depression. In Russia, they have been isolated as a separate disease since 1998 in connection with WHO data, which indicate an increase in stressful situations in society. As the culture of health develops, special ways of suppression of a depressive condition, formation of stress-resistance, patience are developed.

Social Health

Social health directly depends on the ability of the individual to adapt to the environment, the qualities and characteristics that enable it. Affects the desire for self-education and self-development, the possibility of using self-education, realizing life goals, overcoming and solving problems relating to social relations. They can be associated with physical disabilities.

A person who is socially healthy, puts his own realization as a goal, has a stress-resistance, he can calmly and dignifiedly overcome life's problems and difficulties without causing harm to relatives and other surrounding people. This level is inextricably linked with spirituality, the desire to comprehend the meaning of life, to answer eternal questions, to find moral guidelines and values.

Indicators of social health

In the study of the above criteria, several indicators are used, the main ones being adequacy and adaptability of human actions and actions in the social environment.

Adequacy is first of all the ability to respond normally to the effects of the world, adaptivity - to effectively perform activities and develop under new conditions dictated by the environment and society.

Identify the main criteria of social health: the degree of adaptation in society, the degree of activity in it and the effectiveness of the application of different social roles.

Physical health

For the assessment of the physical condition, the detection of various biological defects, diseases, resistance to the influence of negative factors, the ability to work under difficult conditions (including changes in the environment) is accepted. In a word, the adaptation successes of an individual are taken as the basis of health.

From the point of view of medicine, this concept reflects the condition of internal organs, systems of the body, the cohesion of their work. Fundamentals of health are functional and morphological reserves, through which adaptations take place. Not only the absence of obvious deviations, illnesses and complaints of the patient falls under attention, but also the range of adaptive processes, the level of the organism's capabilities related to the performance of specific functions.

In pedagogical materials, the basis of the concept of "physical health of man" is not transformed, that is, it is also characterized by the regulative capacity of the organism, the balance of physiological processes, and adaptive responses.

Spiritual and moral health

Spiritual and moral health means understanding the essence of good and evil, self-improvement, showing mercy, extending a helping hand to the needy, rendering unselfish help, upholding the laws of morality, creating a favorable environment for a healthy lifestyle (the concept of a "culture of health" is formed by this criterion ).

The main condition for achieving success at this level is the desire to live in harmony with oneself, loved ones, friends and society as a whole, the ability to competently set goals and achieve them by predicting and modeling events, formulating concrete steps.

It is to ensure the development of morality, moral qualities of each - the necessary basis and condition for the socialization of young people (applies to all types of modern societies). It is the main goal of the function of educating social institutions, affecting the socialization of the individual.

Moral qualities are included in the list of acquired personality characteristics, they can not be conferred on a person innately, and their formation depends on many criteria: the environment, the social environment, etc. A morally educated person must have specific character traits (which correspond to generally accepted moral norms, customs And way of life in society).

Moral health - a list of attitudes, values and motives of people's actions in the social environment. It does not exist without universal human notions of good, love, beauty and mercy.

The main criteria of moral education

• Positive moral direction of the individual.
• Degree of moral consciousness.
• Depth of thoughts and moral judgments.
• Characteristics of real actions, the ability to follow the important rules of society, the fulfillment of the main duties

Thus, the state of a person really consists of different, but at the same time closely interrelated spheres, which are understood as "types of health". Therefore, a conclusion about it can be done only after considering each of them separately and analyzing the general picture of the individual.