Fundamentals of physical health. Social basis of health

There is no such person who does not want to be healthy. This is the wish of all birthday people and heroes. About it says the most popular toast during any feast. What is the basis of health? What should a person do to live long and less sick? What affects the state of our body? This article will help you to understand this.

Health components

The human body is a complex system. At the same time, his normal life activity is provided only under the condition of an optimal level of three components. This is not only biological, but also mental, and also the social basis of health. All of them are closely related, being in dialectical unity. For example, biological health directly depends on the social, and social - on the biological. There are similar connections between other components.

Biological Health

This level of the body's state is directly dependent on the dynamic balance of those functions that are performed by internal organs, as well as on their normal response to changes occurring in the environment.

As early as the eighties of the last century, WHO specialists identified an approximate proportion of the factors that form the basis of human health. It looks like this:

- medical care - from 10 to 15%;
- genetic predisposition - from 15 to 20%;
- the state of the human environment - from 20 to 25%;
- the image and living conditions of people - from 50 to 55%.

The impact on a person of one or another factor, from which the foundation of health is formed, also depends on its gender and age, individual and typological characteristics.

Genetic factors

The development of any organism is predetermined by a hereditary program inherited along with the parental chromosomes. However, these elements that are so important for us during the life of a person can be exposed to one or another harmful influences.

Disorders of the genetic apparatus can depend on the person's lifestyle, on the quality of the products they use, on the environmental situation, on the uncontrolled intake of pharmacological agents, on the complexities in the social and economic processes of society, etc. As a result of the influence of negative factors, mutations appear that are the causes of those Or other hereditary ailments or predisposition to them.

Most often, such violations occur because of the negative lifestyle of future dads and moms. Moreover, it is not a secret that the foundation of the health of children is laid already in the development of the fetus. A woman during pregnancy often lacks motor activity. She suffers from mental overloads of a professional, domestic and social nature, overeats and sometimes does not give up her bad habits. All this negatively affects the basics of the physical health of the unborn child.

Pathologies caused by genetic factors are conventionally divided into three groups. The first of them include congenital hereditary diseases. In this case, the child is born with these or other signs of violations (color blindness, hemophilia, etc.).

The second group includes hereditary diseases that result from the negative impact of external factors. These include pathologies associated with the violation of metabolic processes in the body, mental disorders and many other ailments.

The third type of genetic factors affecting the basics of physical health, causes ischemic and hypertensive disease, bronchial asthma, atherosclerosis, etc. All these ailments are associated with a hereditary predisposition.

Ecology

Of course, the medical and biological bases of health directly depend on genetic factors. However, a program inherited by a person will ensure its normal development only in the event that certain environmental conditions take place.

The fact that every living organism on the planet is in mutual and diverse connections with the biosphere was also noticed by Sechenov. The scientist claimed that man can not exist without an external environment. Moreover, it is found in abiotic (geochemical, geophysical) and biological connections with everything that surrounds it.

What is the external environment for a person? This is a whole system of anthropogenic and natural phenomena and objects in which life and work, as well as people's rest, pass. This concept includes biological, chemical and physical factors that directly or indirectly affect the activity and condition of the human body.

Fundamentals of the formation of human health are closely linked to all components of the biosphere. This includes plants and insects, microorganisms, etc. Being a complex system, the human body is included in the cycle of substances existing on the planet and is forced to obey its laws.

On the biomedical basis for the health of each of us is affected by many components of the environment. And it's not just water, air and sun. A huge role is played by various energy impacts (from radiation to the electromagnetic field of our planet).

The influence of the environment on human health is also manifested in the different climatic conditions of the places of residence. Thus, the population of the northern regions is forced to spend a large amount of vital energy in the struggle for their existence. Such conditions are difficult to compare with those where nature favors man.

The inhabitants of megacities also suffer from the negative influence of the environment. After all, in large cities, there are many factors that destroy our health. They have a negative impact even on those people who lead the right way of life.

Medical service

Many people mistakenly believe that it is health care that will enable them to lay a solid foundation of health. However, despite the bright hopes, the share of this factor, according to statistics, is extremely low. And this is a simple explanation. The fact is that in connection with the development of civilization and the increasing spectrum of diseases, medicine has paid little attention to human health.

Today, doctors are more specialized in the treatment of pathologies. They designate pharmacological agents that have side effects on the body, thus not always strengthening it.

Prevention of diseases

The medical basis of health lies in the adoption of preventive measures, which are divided into three levels. The first one is aimed at all categories of adults and children. The task of such prevention lies in improving the health of people throughout their life. And the main means of this stage are the development of recommendations on how to maintain health, the use of traditional recipes, the conduct of a healthy lifestyle, etc.

The second level of medical disease prevention is designed to identify various indicators of a person's predisposition and existing risk factors. Similar work is conducted in conjunction with the collection of information on hereditary characteristics and the conduct of a particular way of life. In other words, the work of doctors in this case does not focus on the treatment of a particular type of disease. It is aimed at secondary prevention of pathologies. In the framework of the tasks of the third level, doctors are working to prevent recurrence of disease in patients throughout the society.

The experience, which has been accumulated by medical practice to date, speaks of the low economic and social effectiveness of disease prevention. Fundamentals of strengthening the health of both children and adults are laid at the first and second levels. However, doctors continue to focus their efforts on tertiary prevention. Doctors meet only with people who have already fallen ill, doing their examination and prescribing a course of treatment. However, it is worth remembering that primary and secondary prevention is the basis of public health. And she needs to pay close attention.

The image and conditions of life

But still the main cause of the onset of diseases today is the daily behavior of a person. And the fundamentals of maintaining health in modern society lie in the conduct of people's healthy lifestyle. It will be the most effective prevention of all diseases.

The healthy way of life of each person is individual. This concept takes into account the typological characteristics of the individual, his age, sex, profession, marital status, material security, working conditions and much more. In the tabulation of the foundations of health, a vital role is played by the person's life guidance and his personality-motivational characteristics. All these factors can become a serious incentive for taking preventive measures to prevent diseases.

Unfortunately, many people admit that strengthening their health is possible with the use of any single agent that can be a body cleansing, food supplements, physical exercises, etc. However, this approach is fundamentally wrong. After all, one, even the most effective means can not affect the entire variety of systems of the human body, each of which has a direct impact on health.

That is why each of us must observe the culture of nutrition, exercise and throw away negative emotions (fear, anger, envy, etc.) that affect the body as a huge destructive force.

Mental Health

The organs and systems of vital activity of the human body have a close relationship. But all their impact on each other is under constant control of the nervous system. That is why the mental state, which is one of the components of people's health, is so important for the functioning of the whole organism. This concept is closely connected with the person and depends on the motivations and needs of the person, on his emotional-volitional sphere and development of self-consciousness.

Mental health can be described as a state of mental comfort, which provides an adequate response of a person to all situations that arise in his life. At the same time, it is referred to intellect, reason and emotions.

Social Health

It's no secret that man is a social being. That is why the social basis of health plays an important role for him. It characterizes a state of the body in which a person is able to make contact with society.

Fundamentals of social health are formed under the influence of contacts with friends and parents, classmates and co-workers, loved ones, etc. Such influence can have both positive and negative character. For example, disadvantages of upbringing or an unhappy environment can lead to degradation of the person. In this case, the society will negatively affect the attitude of the individual to himself, to communication, to activity and to other people.

What are the components of a person's social health? These include:

1. Morality. This concept includes a set of ideals, orientations, values, as well as moral and ethical qualities of the individual, which he considers to be true. Human morality is a humanistic aspect of his health.
2. Social adaptation. This is also one of the components of a person's health. It characterizes his ability to adapt to changing living conditions or the social environment, as well as finding the right solutions to overcome psychological barriers.

One of the means of strengthening social health is work. It is work activity that gives a person a sense of need and belonging to society, reveals his abilities, and also directs him along the path to individual well-being.

Legislative bases of health

These or other elements of the organization of the activities of doctors appeared at the very beginning of the history of medicine. They referred to the relationship between the patient and the healer and were based on the rules and traditions that existed in society.

Legal basis of health is available today. In our country they are reflected in federal laws, Government decrees, Presidential Decrees, etc. All these legal acts grant rights and impose responsibility on both patients and medical workers.

The main law of the Russian Federation, thanks to which the formation of the legal basis for the health of citizens of the country is taking place, is the Constitution adopted in 1993. The articles of its second chapter formulate the freedoms and rights of Russians, which concern the protection of life and health of every person, as well as the activities of medical workers.

The Constitution establishes the following principles:

- the right to live;
- guarantee of social security in case of sickness and age;
- the right to free medical care, to health care, etc.

With the use of the provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Fundamentals of Legislation concerning the protection of public health have been adopted. This document is the legal base that allows developing the relationships that exist in the healthcare sphere.

Problems of public health in the Fundamentals are considered at the level of national, and the legal norms contained in this document cover a wide range of social relations. These include those that take place in the health care system. According to the Fundamentals, the state's work to protect the health of its citizens is a combination of various measures of economic and political, sanitary-hygienic and scientific, medical and anti-epidemic, and cultural.