Types of circumstances as members of the proposal

A sentence can not exist without a grammatical basis, and without minor members it can. However, in this case, the speech will sound very dry and contain insufficient information. It is to clarify the various details within a single sentence and serve as additions, definitions and numerous types of circumstances.

Secondary Members

Without a grammatical basis - subject and predicate - or at least one of them the sentence can not exist. Secondary members are not required for use. They serve to refine the information within one complete syntactic unit, without them the proposal is called non-distributed, and with them - common.

Each secondary term performs its function, for example, the addition denotes the object of action, as opposed to the subject expressing the subject. The definition serves for clarifying information on the characteristics of objects or actors. It can also express a side effect in addition to the main, expressed by the predicate. Circumstances can mean a lot of different information. As a rule, they refer to the main verb, that is, the predicate, and express the way of its fulfillment, time, place, etc. Depending on the type of information, different types of circumstances are distinguished. They should be discussed in more detail.

Circumstances

As already mentioned, the main action expressed by a predicate may include a large amount of information. And most often this information is expressed by circumstances that are indicated by underlining "dot-dash". The exact function of a member can be determined by a semantic question, an analysis of prepositions used and some other features. Depending on these properties and different kinds of circumstances in the Russian language.

Obviously, some types of circumstances are very similar, so it is not always possible to determine their type accurately on questions and proposals. The most important and important thing is to learn to distinguish them according to the meaning that they carry.

Order of words

In English, sentences tend to line up according to a specific scheme. There is a direct order of words, but in Russian it is free, and this is another problem faced by foreigners who decided to learn it. As in mathematics, the amount does not change from the change of places of summands, almost so in our speech, almost all words can be exchanged with each other, preserving the meaning. Of course, in fact, this is not entirely true, but there are no precise criteria.

As a rule, definitions are placed before the words to which they refer, but various types of circumstances can be found almost anywhere in the proposal. Although, for example, spatio-temporal types tend to gravitate toward the beginning of the phrase, and those that directly relate to the verb are located next to it.

Common circumstances

Usually this term refers to sentences, but such may be its secondary members. Sometimes they can even be detached, including expressed in participial or comparative turns. Most often these are not the main types of circumstances, that is, time and place, and concessions, reasons, comparisons, etc. Also in this role may be phraseological units that will not be allocated with commas. The examples are simple:

• Contrary to the predictions of the weather forecasters , the weather deteriorated.
• While engaged in research , the scientist spent his day and night at work.
• Her head was shaved, like a boy's .
• Work went like clockwork .

Carrying out the analysis, one always needs to be guided by common sense, because sometimes the same turns can act as different members of the sentence (depending on the context).

On Syntactic Synonyms

Practically any turn can be partially reduced and transformed into another form, for example, if there is no certainty about how to place punctuation marks in a complex sentence. The easiest way is to take various types of circumstances for simplification or complication. Examples can be:

• I woke up when it was dawn . - I woke up at dawn .
• We phoned before meeting . - We phoned before the meeting .
• He was absent because he fell ill . "He was absent from illness ."

Thus, the same information can be expressed in various ways using more complex or simple forms.