Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich: life and biography

Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich is an outstanding Soviet scientific figure. He was a student of Tsiolkovsky and an ally of Korolev, was involved in the creation of the first Soviet missile. Has many awards. He brought up many worthy successors of his work.

Childhood

What was Mikhail Tikhonravov himself, and what was his path? His biography began in Vladimir on the twenty-ninth of July 1900, but soon his parents moved to Petersburg. The future scientist was born into an intelligent family. His father - Claudius Mikhailovich, was a lawyer, and his mother - Alexandra Nikolaevna - a teacher.

In the seventeenth year, in a family engrossed in revolutionary events, the family began to live very tightly, and it was decided to move the mother and younger children to the town of Pereslavl-Zalessky. And the elder Misha, along with his father, remained until the end of Tikhonravov's junior high school. The family reunited a year later.

Young years

In a new place, Claudius Mikhailovich got a job as a judge, and the son delivered courier mail and copied the documents. In my spare time I was fond of drawing.

In Pereslavl-Zalessky, Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich was one of the first to receive a Komsomol ticket and took up active Komsomol work, organizing cells and going around with agitational speeches surrounding villages. In March 1919 he was even elected chairman of the Municipal Committee of the RCYU.

In the same, in 1919, Tikhonravov volunteered for the Red Army, and then worked in the agitation and enlightenment department of the local military commissariat.

In 1920 Michael moved to Moscow and became a student of the Air Force Engineering Academy of the RKKA named after Zhukovsky, which finishes five years later.

The debut steps in his career

Having received the diploma, the engineer Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich works at several enterprises of the aviation industry. Even in the years of study, the young man constructed a series of gliders that had sufficiently high characteristics. He continued this activity in the second half of the 1920s, and it was in the gliding section that the acquaintance radically influenced Tikhonravov's life and the fate of Soviet rocket construction.

The first Soviet missile

A new acquaintance of Mikhail Klavdievich was called Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. Between the scientists friendship was developed, which grew into close cooperation. Korolyov agitated Tikhonravov to engage in the creation of ballistic missiles, and in 1932 he was already leading the brigade, which was developing the first Soviet two-stage missile.

Tikhonravov and other participants in this historic event recalled that the work was progressing very tightly. The missile did not want to run for a long time, but was transported to the test site in public transport, wrapped in some rags.

The engineers' efforts were crowned with success in 1933. The rocket was finally able to launch, and it rose 400 meters above the ground. This was a huge event for the whole country.

In 1934, Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich began to lead the department of the Reactive Institute, and since 1938 he conducted research work on liquid-fuel rocket engines; He developed devices that would allow studying the upper atmospheric layers, etc.

Work during the war

During the Great Patriotic War, the work on space exploration was temporarily suspended. More urgent are very different tasks. It was necessary to stop the fascists at any cost, and a truly salutary solution was the creation of the legendary anti-aircraft complex "Katyusha". It was the development of projectiles for her that Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich was engaged in the early forties.

Opal and revenge

After the war, Tikhonravov, based on the Reactive Scientific Research Institute, where he was deputy chief, designed high-altitude missiles, worked on the creation of the first artificial satellites, spacecraft controlled by the pilot, and automatic devices intended for interplanetary flights.

In the fifty-first year he initiated the creation of multi-stage ballistic missiles, but was not understood and even ridiculed. The management considered the ideas put forward as fantastic. Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich, whose photo of those times gives a tired and depressed person, was demoted and removed from important projects.

However, in 1953, the authorities realized their mistake and showed increased interest in the topic, voiced by Tikhonravov. The scientist, who in spite of everything continued to work on his brainchild, was taken out of oblivion and returned to active work.

The engineer devoted the remainder of his life to the field of space exploration. Particularly noticeable were his projects, developed as the head of the design department of artificial satellites at OKB-1. It was thanks to Tikhonravov that the first launch of a satellite carrying the living creature was made, and for this the scientist received the Lenin Prize. And later became Hero of Socialist Labor.

In addition to scientific work, Mikhail Klavdievich was engaged in teaching. Among the listeners of his lectures was, for example, Yuri Gagarin.

March 4, 1974, the world flew black news that the 73rd year of life died an outstanding scientist, academician and teacher Tikhonravov Mikhail Klavdievich. His wife - Olga Konstantinovna Parovina (also a design engineer) survived her husband for nineteen years. The couple had a daughter Natalia, granddaughter Olga and great-grandson Rostislav.