The White House (Moscow). Storming and shelling of a white house in Moscow

Even in ancient times, at the head of any tribe stood the leader. They obeyed him, obeyed him. The will of the leader was irrefutable and the only true. This way of management helped to get rid of anarchy and outrage. Since then, a lot of water has flowed, but so far only one leader has been at the head of many countries.

The way to the top of power can be different (from seizure of power and democratic elections to the transfer of the throne by inheritance), but the goal is one - to protect their state and the interests of citizens residing on its territory. For the residence of a monarch or president in the territory of a country there is a special residence. In the United Kingdom (Great Britain) and Northern Ireland, this place is Buckingham Palace. In the US and the Russian Federation, the White House. Moscow has been the capital of our country for a long time. However, the center of the modern state became the city at the end of 1991. Before that, he was the capital of a great and mighty power called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

New country - new government

In 1993, the government of the most recently autonomous Russian Federation was headed by Boris Yeltsin. Prior to his coming to power, the Supreme Council acted as the supreme governing body of the country. "The Old King" did not want to help the newly-minted leader. The bombardment of the White House in Moscow and the bloody assault on the Ostankino television tower became the outcome of the confrontation between the two political forces. The city was enveloped in smoke and stunned by a volley of guns. How did everything happen and what was the cause of the almost flared up Civil War? Let's try to figure it out.

The constitutional crisis

In the Soviet Union, all authorities were obliged to act within the framework of a single law, the name of which is the Constitution. Proceeding from this legal act, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) was the most important governing body. After the collapse of the USSR, this apparatus of power still had a huge number of rights. At that time, numerous corrections and amendments had already been made to the last version of the Constitution. They directly concerned the differentiation of powers of public authorities.

However, the newly-minted president was not ready for the fact that the Constitution, which was adopted even under Brezhnev, would so severely restrict his rights. The main act of state regulation did not give Yeltsin that legitimate power that would allow him to make important decisions on his own. Therefore, the first president of Russia tried to immediately change the Constitution, which vehemently opposed the representatives of the Supreme Council, who occupied the White House. Moscow in the first years of Boris Yeltsin's rule mired in scandals and internecine struggle. This continued from 1992 to 1993. The confrontation between Boris Yeltsin and his supporters from one flank and the Supreme Council headed by Ruslan Khasbulatov from another was called the "Constitutional Crisis."

Standing positions

It would seem that sharing people who want to lead their people to a brighter future? But no. It turns out that each side had its own idea of the "shade" of this future. They differently represented the further development of a great country. The biggest disagreements were the adoption of economic reforms. Neither side was willing to give up its principles. Nobody wanted to find common ground and create compromise conditions for all further cooperation.

Open conflict

The peak of the aggravation and so complex relations was the appeal of President Boris Yeltsin to the people. In it, he informed the citizens about the adoption of the reform of the authorities, according to which the abolition of the Supreme Council and the Congress of People's Deputies was announced. The decision of the leader of the state was supported by the acting Mayor of the capital Yuri Luzhkov and the full cabinet of the country's ministers (the Council of Ministers), headed by Viktor Chernomyrdin.

However, according to the Constitution of 1978, the president did not have the authority to take such a reform. The head of the Supreme Council, Ruslan Khasbulatov, spoke very categorically at the expense of the president's actions, calling them an attempt at a coup d'état. Evaluating Yeltsin's statement as exceeding the permissible powers, it was decided to declare the power of the incumbent president terminated.

Culmination of confrontation

The severity of the conflict increased. Gradually the actions went beyond the framework of civilized measures for the settlement of the conflict, and the warring parties took to the streets. Members of the Supreme Council were directly imprisoned in the fortress, which became the White House. Moscow has turned into a war zone. The main residence of the government was de-energized, there was no light, water and telephone. The opposition was guarded by the White House. Moscow was divided into two parts. The threat of the Civil War was imminent. Of course, the split of power into two camps could not last long. Someone had to concede. While the authorities shared the chair, the lost and disappointed citizens expressed their helplessness in anarchic outrage and mass riots. The shooting of the White House in Moscow became one of such unlawful acts.

Steps of the opposition

Opposition movement was supported also by the vice-president of the country Alexander Rutskoi. Being on the side of the Supreme Council, he urged the protesters to unite. The crowd of oppositionists, gathered at the October Square, advanced to the White House and unlocked it. Inspired by the victory, they went to storm the City Hall building and quickly gained access to it. The next point was the Ostankino television tower. Here the meeting was met by the special forces of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. The soldiers strictly carried out their task to keep the defense. The blast in the riot police was the last straw, and the military opened fire on the protesters. A huge number of people were killed, among them ordinary citizens, journalists, demonstrators and special forces. This happened on October 3rd.

Actions of Boris Yeltsin

The next day the troops of the supporters of the president began the assault of the White House in Moscow. In a tight ring, tanks marched along Red Square, advancing to the place where the Supreme Soviet was sitting. The building was surrounded by a military armada and was fired from three sides. Due to the falling of shells inside the residence, a fire broke out. Sad picture turned out: The White House in black smoke.

The military operation was recognized as successful. Gradually, supporters and members of the Supreme Council began to leave the building, and by the evening of the same day all power passed into the hands of President Boris Yeltsin.

The capture of the White House in Moscow, the storming of the mayor's office and the bloodshed from "Ostankino" were called "The October putsch." The separation of power claimed the lives of more than 150 people. About half a thousand were wounded. The result was the entry into force of the new Constitution and equal elections to the State Duma and the Federation Council.