The population of St. Petersburg: number, composition, distribution

One of the most famous Russian cities in the world is St. Petersburg. He is very unusual. Its history, climate, architecture and even people are very different from other cities of the country. Let's talk about the characteristics of the population of the northern capital, about which districts of St. Petersburg are most popular among residents and how things are here with work.

History of settlement

The city on the Neva appeared due to the desire of Peter the Great, who saw here the gateway to Europe. The settlement dates back to May 16, 1703, when the first stone of the future Peter and Paul Fortress was laid on the Hare Island . Under Petra, the city was actively built and in 1712 became the capital of Russia. In the Peter's epoch Petersburg acquires a new face and continues to grow. At the end of the 18th century, the population exceeded 220 thousand people, then the Northern capital overtook ancient Moscow.

The second half of the 18th and 19th centuries became a real golden age for the city: many palaces and churches are being built here, educational institutions and various enterprises are being opened. All this had a beneficial effect on the number of inhabitants. At the beginning of the 20th century, native Petersburgers witnessed dramatic revolutionary events. In this connection, the population of St. Petersburg is shrinking. After 1917, the capital was renamed Petrograd, there was a time of devastation and hard times. In 1918 the city lost its capital status. And in 1924 it was renamed to Leningrad. His historical name he will return only in 1991, after the referendum among the residents. Today St. Petersburg rightfully bears the status of the cultural capital of Russia and is one of the most famous cities in the country.

Climate and ecology

The city of St. Petersburg is located in the wet continental climate zone. Here is a short, moderately warm summer and a short, humid, cool winter. The longest seasons are spring and summer. The average annual temperature is about 6 degrees Celsius. In winter, the thermometer keeps in the day around the mark minus 5-8 degrees, in summer it rises to plus 20. The population of St. Petersburg is experiencing a deficit of sunlight, as in the year there are only about 60 clear days. In the city there is a lot of precipitation (about 660 mm) and usually it is cloudy. In summer in St. Petersburg there is a special natural phenomenon - white nights.

The constantly growing number of city residents and cars leads to the fact that the ecological situation in St. Petersburg is unfavorable. The atmosphere is littered with exhaust fumes, the waters of the Neva are polluted by poorly cleaned drains. Ecology of the city is the object of constant monitoring and care of the administration.

Population

Observe the number of citizens in St. Petersburg began in 1764, then there lived almost 150 thousand people. Until 1917, the population of St. Petersburg was steadily growing. In 1891, it overcame the figure of 1 million people. By the beginning of the revolutionary events of 1917, there were 2.4 million inhabitants in the city. The coup and the Civil and First World Wars that followed it led to the city's decline.

In 1918 there were already 1.4 million people registered there, and after the transfer of the capital to Moscow in 1919 there were already 900,000 people. Since 1921, a period of relative demographic stability has come, the city is growing up a bit. By the beginning of World War II, nearly 3 million St. Petersburg residents reside in the Northern capital. During the war, the inhabitants of St. Petersburg fell into a blockade, which led to huge human casualties. In 1945 there were 927 people left. After the war, the townspeople gradually return from evacuation, new residents begin to come to Leningrad.

In the late 50-ies there is already recorded a 3 million population. With the beginning of perestroika, the cultural capital begins to experience significant demographic difficulties, the birth rate is falling, and mortality is increasing. If in 1991 there were 5 million inhabitants, then by 2008, there are 4.5 million. The situation from the catastrophic is saved by migrants, since the natural increase in population has remained negative for decades. Since 2010, the situation is beginning to improve slightly. In 2016, there are 5.22 million residents in St. Petersburg.

City districts and population distribution

St. Petersburg is divided into 18 administrative districts. The fastest growing is the Primorsky district, it is the largest, here live almost 550 thousand people. Many areas of St. Petersburg are gradually becoming a place of localization of businesses and tourists. Central, Admiralty and Vasileostrovsky districts show a steady decrease in the number of residents.

Demographic indicators

To date, St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia, the third largest in Europe and the largest northern city in the world. At the same time, the metropolis has many demographic problems. The low birth rate still can not outrun mortality. The growing life expectancy and low birth rate lead to the fact that the population of St. Petersburg is aging, and the demographic burden on able-bodied residents is growing. Population growth is provided by migrants, who are attracted by work in St. Petersburg and a rather high standard of living.

Economics and employment of the population

The northern capital attracts migrants and residents primarily by the opportunity to find work. The city is one of the largest economic centers of the country, there are many enterprises of production, industry, service. Therefore, many areas of St. Petersburg are transformed into real industrial zones, but this gives great opportunities for employment of the population. Unemployment in the city is fixed at 1.5%, while there is always a fairly large number of vacancies, mainly for unskilled workers and workers. Therefore, there is work in St. Petersburg, but people do not like it.