Migration growth of the population: definition, features of the process

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the demographic situation in many cities deteriorated significantly. Even where there was a stable growth before, the dynamics became negative. Only after a while the indicators in some regions were replaced by positive ones. Of course, this was affected by the improvement of the economic situation, and the gradual stabilization of the situation in the country as a whole. But the increase in the number of inhabitants often ensured not a decrease in mortality and an increase in the birth rate, but a migration increase. The concept means the difference between those who came to this territory and those who left it for a certain period of time. This material will tell you what the migration growth of the population is and how it is conditioned.

General Definition of Migration

The very concept of "migration" can be deciphered as a change of residence or relocation. This definition is one of the key in the demographic processes, because the life of the state directly depends on this action. It affects the population of the country and, accordingly, the economic situation.

What is migration growth? The concept is denoted in demography as the difference between those who have arrived in any territory for permanent residence, and those who have irretrievably left it.

Migration processes are divided into several classification criteria:

• to size;
• By form;
• because of;
• the nature;
• By time;
• By legal status.

Episodic Migrations

There are four main types of spatial movement of the population, which cause migration growth.

Periodically affect the number of residents of occasional migrations. Thanks to them at one point the number of residents in the village can be many times greater. This, as a rule, travel related to recreation and tourism, business and others. They do not have any time frames or a given direction. Persons involved in this type of spatial movement can be completely different. If these are business trips, then, of course, able-bodied citizens travel. But if it comes to recreation, the contingent becomes larger.

Since the episodic migratory increase is weakly amenable to any explanation and is only temporary, it is practically not under investigation. Although this is despite the fact that this type of spatial movement is the most large-scale, especially in the sphere of tourism.

Pendulum Migrations

This type of movement is conditioned by the need of the population for constant travel. Members of the pendulum migrations are residents of both urban and rural areas. Most often, this type of migration means daily trips to work or study. Most clearly it is expressed where there is any possessive center. According to forecasts of specialists, such movement will soon exceed irrevocable migrations. It is easier for people to get to their destination on a daily basis than to buy permanent housing.

Pendulum migrations contribute to a change in the structure of labor resources. Due to this, vacancies are filled by people living in settlements where there are no working opportunities.

This type of population movement has practically no influence on migration growth, unless in the process a person decides to change his place of residence.

Seasonal migrations

This category includes people who for some reason were forced to leave their permanent place of residence indefinitely. Due to this type of movement, the shortage of labor is filled, the needs of production are met. The reason for this process is the uneven distribution of the economic level in the regions. The latter is due to the fact that certain industries bring more income. That is, in such places, the need for workers' hands is constantly available. If local resources can not replenish it, additional ones from other regions are involved.

Most often, this movement causes seasonal industries. This is agriculture (mainly sowing and harvesting), logging and coastal fishing.

Irrevocable migration

Most of all, the size of migration growth depends on this type of population movement. Researchers define it as irretrievable displacement, that is, a complete change in the place of residence. In order to characterize the process as irrevocable migration, two points must be fulfilled:

• The first is the change in the place of residence to another locality, which immediately cuts off transfers inside the city or village;
• The second is irrevocability, which is the main condition, excluding temporary or short-term trips.

Types of indicators

There are several indicators that characterize the demographic processes, in particular the overall migration increase. For the analysis of statistical data, the term "migration balance" is often used. This is an absolute value. It affects the population in a certain territory.

For calculations, several coefficients are required. These include:

• P is the number of arrivals in the region.
• B - number of departures from the region.
• MS - migration net or balance.

The magnitude of migration growth is calculated very simply. It is equal to the difference between visitors and those who left this territory. That is, in the form of a formula, this can be represented as MS = II. This indicator can be both positive and negative. If the number is less than zero, then we are talking about the concept of "migration loss". For the opposite result, a positive value is necessary.

A second method is also possible. If the general and natural increment is known, then by subtracting the second from the first one one can obtain the necessary value. This will be a mechanical increase in the population.

Relative values for certain population groups are also calculated. For example, this is the number of visitors to a certain number of local residents (most often per thousand). In the form of a formula, this looks like Kp = (P / H) * 1000. Кпр - this is the coefficient of arrival.

To improve accuracy in statistics, it is better to calculate the average values over several years. These data are needed to analyze the current situation, determine immigration policy and manage human resources.