The nature of the children. Characteristics of the child

We talk a lot about character education in young children. In fact, everything is somewhat different. After all, the nature of children is laid at birth. We only develop the inherent in it, we direct it in the right direction.

Is it possible to change the character of children?

Adults who are engaged in raising a baby, even in early childhood is very important to feel, to understand exactly what features are inherent in this or that crumb.

Only on the basis of correct conclusions can we build an accurate system of upbringing of a diversified personality, which will comfortably exist in society. Otherwise, you can break the character of children in early childhood, incubate in the soul of the kids self-doubt, hatred or fear of the world around them.

In fact, it is almost impossible to change the nature of the child. This is how to make a blonde brunette or a representative of a Negroid race turn into a European. Outwardly, some changes are possible, but the genotype will remain the same. And new hair will grow in color, the gene of which is present in human DNA.

Therefore, the very concept of "character education" in the direct meaning is practically not used. Usually this phrase denotes the upbringing of the child's perseverance, honesty, persistence, that is, some qualities necessary for the development of a successful personality.

4 types of characters in children

On how correctly adults determine the tendencies inherent in birth, the characteristics of the baby, the future of the person who will grow out of crumbs depends. Psychologists around the world are trying to classify the nature of children.

There is an option of uniting children (and all people) into four types:

• Sensitive (sensitive);
• active;
• communicative;
• receptive.

Sensitive (sensitive) type

Each type of character corresponds to certain features. And they start to manifest themselves in early childhood.

For example, it is believed that the sentimental nature of young children is determined by their increased manifestation of emotions, sensitive emotional organization, receptivity to the experiences of others. Such babies react painfully to their mistakes, are very upset even because of small failures. Such children should not be shamed once again, ridiculed, ironized, punished, twisted during the manifestation of emotions.

And certainly you should not distract the frustrated kid, trying to make him laugh at a time when he is experiencing another storm of emotions. Moreover, it is not necessary to show him the intensity of his passions connected with events, to change which or to influence which the kid is not able to.

Positive features of the nature of a child belonging to a sensitive type is the possibility of influencing him by manifesting his discontent with facial expressions or just a few words describing his sad mood: "I'm upset ..." or "How I'm ashamed of you!" This child does not You need to scold, appeal to his feelings and even more punish.

However, this type of character of the child develops in it self-doubt, stiffness, fear of doing something wrong. Therefore, they are usually not sociable, shy. These are not the best qualities. And if you do not correct these traits of the child's character , you can hardly hope that he will subsequently grow into a self-confident successful man who is able to make his own decisions and do things.

It is very important to achieve understanding with such a baby. He must feel that there are people who live next to each other, who also experience that they have failures. But they know how to deal with them.

Let the kid communicate with children of this type - do not make him friends with leaders, rude and imperious children who will suppress him. But to cultivate self-esteem should begin already from early childhood. If necessary, the child should be able to resist violence, refuse, say "no."

Usually from such children grow creative personalities: artists, writers, musicians. A lot of sensitive natures appeared doctors, teachers, psychologists. Yes, and scientists often in childhood were inclined to sit on the sidelines alone while others broke toys, climbed onto the roofs of garages or ruthlessly fought each other.

Active type

The very name of this version of character already speaks for itself. The main characteristics of a child's active type are mobility, curiosity, and sociability. They are always in motion, they are bored to sit motionless even for a minute, they want to constantly do something, learn. Often these aspirations are fraught with broken toys, torn panties, knee-bends. With the slightest attenuation of attention from adults, babies can be tortured by God knows what, to invent a game that is associated with a risk to life.

Characteristics of the child's character of the active type consist in the fact that for him the main thing is action, and not experience. It is impossible to influence his behavior with reduced brows or discontented shaking of his head. And stronger methods are not very effective. Cries, abuse, punishment can embitter the child. And often he simply adopts such a manner of behavior and himself in response begins to be rude, screaming, intimidating, threatening.

Adults should make every effort to ensure that pre-school children of active type are constantly engaged in a useful activity. Praise as an incentive to new achievements is the only way to bring up positive qualities in a child .

Usually these children grow into real leaders. Therefore, it is so important to teach a baby to be a leader, to direct his irrepressible energy in the right direction. If the child is inculcated with responsibility at an early age, then subsequently a successful self-confident person can grow out of him, who can achieve a lot in life.

The complexity of the educational process is that the qualities of a child leader's character without sensitive leadership can nurture an inveterate hooligan, an intrepid and reckless organizer of a criminal group, a ruthless and obstinate egoist.

Communicative type

Comparing the types of character of the child, you can establish some similarity between them. The communicative type is pretty close to the active one. After all, in both cases the child does not live by emotions, but by actions. Only if the active type is inherent in the desire to command other people, then the main purpose of the communicative kid is precisely cognition. Such children grab at everything, they are all interested, they love to start. But the routine, the routine they hate.

If the active kid can be accustomed to order, using praise, reward, encouragement, then the communicative on all this deeply to spit. On the contrary, even the usual repetition of habitual actions causes a protest in it.

How to be with such a kid, for whom chaos is the norm? How to teach him to order? How to make sure that the little man brought the business to the end? Probably, there is only one option - changes in the mode of action, inclusion in any activity of a note of novelty. He began to remove toys, quickly got bored, quit, left to play with the kitten? Do not scold him and read him notations! You can simply add a game element to the cleaning routine: "The emergency evacuation of all toys has just been announced - the tsunami is coming! Here is a ship (a toy box) that leaves in five minutes! It's necessary to quickly load all the toys onto it! "

It is worth remembering that if the second time such a game works, then the third time will definitely be useless. And adults should come up with a new story.

It should be noted and positive features of the nature of the communicative type of child. They are usually very sociable, they are able to adapt to the environment, they easily come into contact with other people. Since routine is alien to them, these children themselves make diversity in any activity. This they infect the whole crowd with the desire to turn off the usual road and ride on ice floes along the river during the ice drift or to measure the depth of the puddle with boots ...

However, they do not care if other people follow them, because they can turn it off alone. The main thing is that they will go unchecked. Of such people, often grow pioneers, climbers and divers, archaeologists and geologists. Often, they turn out writers and actors, but only in the event that everything turns out right away. Work on the written, disassemble and lay out everything on the shelves, repeat the route - not for them.

Therefore in such children first of all it is necessary to develop perseverance, patience, perseverance. It can not be said that this is so simple. But probably. Simply they should be allowed to take breaks in work with a change of occupation, often rearrange furniture in the room, change the cover of the notebook, clothes.

Receptive type

Probably, this is the type of character that is most convenient for educators. After all, children with receptive type of nature adore rules, constancy, rhythm, regime, repetition of the same actions. With them it is easy to "manage" in kindergarten and in school, they easily rise in the morning, without any reminders they wash and brush their teeth, easily cope with tasks that have been thoroughly worked out. But here are the situations when suddenly there is a novelty, when it is necessary to show wit or perform some action, in advance unresolved, "block" the psyche of the child. Of these children, excellent performers are obtained, but they will never become leaders. To make a decision for them is akin to accomplishing a feat.

Considering the nature of the behavior of children belonging to the receptive type, it should be noted that they, like the children belonging to the sensitive type, have sensitivity and a tendency to experience. They are very sensitive and sympathetic children. And if you skillfully educate them in the ability to make independent decisions, then they turn out wonderful family members, loyal friends.

You can begin to educate yourself in early childhood. For example, you should allow them to buy something in the store, pay for their own purchase, choose a gift for your sister or teacher. Even the choice of clothes in the morning is an act. Any petty actions that the kid will commit himself, guided by his desire, should be encouraged. And in no case should you offend the man's distrust in the event that he commits a mistake. Explain - yes, show another option - yes. But do not scold, do not punish, do not make a mockery.

Are there "pure" types of character?

Of course, one can not relate a child to one particular type with one hundred percent certainty. In one person, the traits characteristic of both two and three types are quite coexistent. For example, an active leader may well have sensitivity and emotionality. Otherwise, where would the leaders of organizations for the protection of homeless animals take? The same leader may well have such a character trait as hatred of routine and order. The desire to do everything quite differently than it was before, to many leaders played into the hands: they make a breakthrough, introducing a new regime into the work of the plant, changing even the very direction in the output of products.

Or, for example, a person of a sensitive warehouse may well be half a receptive lover of order and dimensionality. As, however, often in such a person there may be a desire for change.

Type of character accentuation

Excessive manifestation of the main typical character traits in the individual is called accentuation. These are the same children who are more in line with a specific subgroup. There is even a test for the type of character compiled by K. Leonhard and N. Shmishek. It has the form of a questionnaire of 88 statements, which should be grouped into 10 scales. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to give an answer to which type the person most relates to.

What to say, to conduct such a test to determine the nature of the child in a year is impossible, he is just beginning to learn articulate speech. It is also quite difficult to conduct a test for the type of character with the preschooler, because he not only can not answer many questions, but he will not even understand the meaning of many questions!

Although attentive adults can quite content themselves with their own observations of their children and draw independent conclusions. For example, how does the kid treat the year before that the grandmother suddenly puts on glasses for the first time? A child of a sensitive and receptive type will melt or become upset, but the communicative will immediately become "acquainted" with the new grannies. The active kid also will not stand aside, but will try to take away and study the "new toy".

Also you can draw a conclusion on how the crumb reacts to a new toy. The receptive character warehouse does not allow you to immediately take a new thing in your hands - first you need to get used to, take a closer look. Sensitive emotional children sometimes react very quickly to new things, especially if this mechanical toy is moving or making sounds. It is possible that the baby will never accept it, bursting into tears on the day of his first acquaintance.

Communicative type of character is always glad to everything new, therefore, if the kid happily accepts any toy from the hands of even an unfamiliar person, know - you have such a little man growing up.

But if a crumb does not just enjoy the new thing, but seriously frowns, trying to tear off the doll's head, or forcefully throws it to the floor, one must conclude that he is not just a hooligan, but tries to know what's inside her. After all, this is an active type of character, and there is nothing to be done about it.

Another gradation of types of characters

Some psychologists consider it necessary to differentiate people differently from what was described above. They believe that children should be divided into:

• Possessing practicality;
• Prone to learning;
• Prone to management;
• Talented masters.

Determine which of these types is a particular child, it is easy enough. One prefers to learn everything new, easy to train. Everything is clear and without clarification.

The other, regardless of their knowledge and skills, constantly teaches everyone, is always in front - it started, in one word. It's clear that this is the future leader, because the propensity to control is obvious. Although often learning and leadership perfectly coexist in one person.

The third is very accurate, scrupulous, obligatory in everything. This one definitely has practicality! But where it is written that he will not be inclined to learnability and in it there is not a gram of desire to pokomandovat?

Actually, it is quite difficult to find "pure" creators. Usually artists and writers do not come from people who do not like to learn new things.

8 role types of character

And some psychologists believe that all children should be divided not into 4 but into 8 subgroups:

• Leader;
• Secret chief;
• artist;
• night watchman;
• hunter;
• The keeper of the hearth;
• politician;
• Hard worker.

The leader is a typical leader whose behaviors were considered above: initiative, freedom-loving, resolute.

An interesting type of "secret leader". It is a leader who does not know how to lead, he dreams of winning power, but he is inactive and does not possess any necessary quality for this. Usually he realizes his craving for domination in the family. It's a family tyrant. And parents should pay special attention to this fact. After all, it is from these types of children that maniacs, homemade sadists, criminals are obtained. Therefore, sometimes you should even work with a psychologist to prevent undesirable consequences.

The artist is a creative person. Often in the team is a "black sheep". But with close people - relatives, friends, loved ones - the artists are gentle and endless.

The night watchman is an "owl", active in the evenings, hardly waking up in the morning, often a suspicious and timid nature.

Hunter - the person is tough, domineering, fast, active. In fact, it is a leader, but does not feel the desire for leadership. Therefore, despite the fact that he often leads the team, he can act alone.

The keeper of the hearth is the receptive type of a measured, pedantic performer. Hates innovations, loves animals, children, order in everything.

A politician is a pronounced communicative type. Sociable, pompous to praise, he knows how to smooth conflicts and easily solves life problems. But it can be boring to create the intrigue, make a scandal "out of nothing". He studies well, but only in those subjects that interest him. It requires an attentive attitude towards oneself, since one can never be sure that the "politician" will come to mind in the next minute.

The worker - the child is physically strong, but with some deviations in mental and sometimes moral development. Moved and pugnacious, brave enough. With a lack of attention on the part of educators and parents can grow into a bully and a bully. But as a matter of fact is kind. Therefore, with proper education, a wonderful family man grows up from him, a good performer is a hard worker, in a word.

Summarizing the above, it can be noted that all types of characters are intertwined with each other, that each child is an individual. Therefore, there are no specific strict rules for all cases of life. The educator is the creator of personality, the sculptor of the soul. Therefore, depending on how accurately he chooses an approach to a particular child, the result depends.