The Kremlin in Moscow. Russia, Moscow, The Kremlin

The first found evidence of the location of ancient settlements on the territory of the Kremlin is two to three thousand years old. In fact, there is no correct answer to the question of who built the Kremlin in Moscow, since the erection of the first stockade is ascribed to the times when a settlement of the deacon type was located on the Borovitsky hill. Immediate construction of the building began with the order of Yury Dolgorukov on the erection of walls in 1156.

Olympus of the Russian state - the Kremlin in Moscow

Initially, the walls of the building were made of wood, and only with the advent of Dmitry Donskoy the capital gained its famous nickname - white stone. The walls were replaced with stone, made of local limestone. During the reign of Ivan III, Italian architects were invited, who began the new construction (1475-1479) - the analysis of the white stone wall and the erection of a brick wall in its place. In order to preserve security, it was dealt with in parts with a quick replacement for a new one. Construction continued for a long ten years. Also, together with the modernization of the wall, the construction of the Assumption Cathedral was conducted.

During the war of 1812, the Kremlin in Moscow was badly damaged and looted. It took him about four years to regain his former appearance. Dozens of the best specialists worked on this. Also, a large damage to the structure was caused during the armed uprising of 1917, during which the Kremlin was mercilessly fired by artillery.

Location:

The Moscow Kremlin, as the main socio-political and artistic-historical complex of the capital of the Russian Federation, simply must be in the immediate center of the city. This can be explained from two positions:

• Aesthetic perception of the structure as the center of the capital - the main governing body, from which the main edicts come, and so on.
• Considering the Kremlin in Moscow as one of the oldest objects, it is appropriate to note its strategically correct location. The fortress was located and is located between two connecting rivers, leaving the potential invader the right to attack only from one side, which positively affects the defense of the main administrative object of the state.

The Kremlin in Moscow is located on the Borovitsky Hill - on the left bank of the Moskva River. In its architectural design, the structure is an irregular triangle (to be more precise, it is a quadrilateral with one cut angle).

The era of the USSR

In a special way, the Kremlin changed when the Soviet government came to power in the country. Since 1918, Moscow has once again become the political center of the whole state. In March of the same year, the entire Soviet government moved to the Kremlin. The entry of "councils" into the former royal palaces caused a wave of indignation of ordinary citizens, but it was quickly suppressed. The building became a forbidden zone, ordinary people lost the opportunity of free entrance to its territory. Historians established that for all the years of Soviet power, the Kremlin in Moscow as an architectural ensemble was significantly damaged - more than half of the previously existing buildings and monuments were demolished.

One of the most famous transformations during the Soviet period was the replacement of two-headed eagles placed on the central travel towers, the stars from the Urals gems, which were later replaced by ruby ones.

The Kremlin towers

The Kremlin towers of Moscow are represented in the amount of twenty pieces, each of them was erected in different years and has its own length and unique name. The following four towers are considered to be the main ones: Beklemishevskaya, Vodovzvodnaya, Angular Arsenalna (located in the corners of the triangle, the only elements with a circular cross-section, the remaining seventeen are square), and Spasskaya is the most famous due to the clock installed on it. On the five towers there are mysterious ruby stars: on Spasskaya (Frolovskaya), Nikolskaya, Troitskaya, Borovitskaya (Predtechenskaya) and on Vodovzvodnaya.

The lowest is the Tsar's Tower, built in 1680, and the highest - Trinity (79.3 meters), Nikolskaya (70.4 meters) and Spasskaya (71 meters). All the towers, mainly due to construction at the same time (Second half of the XVII century), executed in a single architectural style. A bright spot is the Nikolskaya Tower, sustained in a pseudo-Gothic style.

The work of overseas masters

The Kremlin walls were built in the period 1485-1516 by Italian architects. They represent a non-equilateral triangle with a total length of 2235 m, height and width of 5-19 m and 3.5-6.5 m respectively. The top of the walls is decorated with dents, there are a total of 1045 (according to the Lombard tradition, in the form of a swallow's tail). Most have loopholes in the form of cracks. Embrasures are built in them, wide and overlapping. Outside, the walls have a smooth shape, and on the inside are decorated with niches in the form of arches. This architectural solution is designed not only to facilitate, but also to strengthen the structure. Like many structures of those times, the Kremlin wall kept a lot of hiding places and secret passages, allowing to leave the fortification if necessary. However, the section of the wall in the northeast, facing the Red Square, now serves as Columbus. It holds urns with ashes of prominent figures of the Soviet period. Now the question is raised about allocating another place for columbarium.

The Kremlin and its components

No matter how rich Moscow is in terms of interesting places, the Kremlin is the main attraction of the capital. He is famous for a variety of different architectural creations. Entrance to its territory, of course, paid, as well as excursions, but what is money compared to the centuries of history, stored and placed in one complex?

Orthodox cathedrals are especially interesting:

• Assumption Cathedral.
• Blagoveshchensky cathedral.
• The Patriarch's Palace and the Cathedral of the Twelve Apostles.
• The Verkhospassky Cathedral.
• The Archangel Cathedral, etc.

During the tour, no doubt, there will be a desire to make a photo of the Kremlin in Moscow. It is worth to capture both the above-described walls and towers, as well as skilful palace constructions - this is the Grand Kremlin Palace, the Faceted Chamber, and the Poteshny Palace.

Such interesting buildings as the State Kremlin Palace, formerly known as the Palace of Congresses, the Armory Chamber, the Senate Palace and others can become very interesting places for acquaintance.

One of the most recognizable sights of the Kremlin were, of course, the Tsar Cannon and the Tsar Bell, cast in 1586 and 1733-1735. respectively.

Sights of Moscow - The Kremlin and its museums

While mentioning the museums located on the territory of the Kremlin, it is simply impossible not to tell about the Diamond Fund - one of the largest collections of jewelry in the country. A significant symbol of the former royal power are the regalia of the tsar - the state, the scepter and the crown. For security reasons, photo and video recording inside is prohibited. There are also seven historical stones, the most famous of which are the following: the diamond "Orlov" and "Shah". The latter, as is known, was donated to the Russian Emperor Nicholas I by the Persian Shah in order to make amends for the growing conflict in connection with the tragic death of the famous Russian poet and playwright A.S. Griboyedov attacked the Russian embassy in Tehran in early 1829.

The history of the Russian state is most fully covered in the Armory Chamber. This is a two-storey building erected by the architect K. Ton. It contains all the thrones, in which Russian autocrats sat in different years. There you can see the famous collection of Faberge eggs, as well as Minin and Pozharsky sabers, Yuri Dolgoruky's silver chalice, etc.

The current situation of the Moscow Kremlin

The history of the Kremlin in Moscow has not lost its thread in our days. At present, and to be more precise - since 1991, the Kremlin is the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation. In connection with this fact, in the nineties, unimaginable restoration work was carried out on its entire territory. Such attractions as the Faceted Chamber, the Alexander and Andreevsky Halls of the Grand Kremlin Palace, the Senate building, etc., have been restored.

Almost every year the walls of the Kremlin are painted, so that they do not lose their presentable and spectacular appearance.

Active Organizations

Which organizations are located at the famous address "Russia, Moscow, the Kremlin"? First of all, this is the office of the President of Russia, located in the Senate Palace. The second most important place is the Russian Orthodox Church, whose headquarters are in Blagoveshchensk, Arkhangelsk and Uspensky cathedrals. An important organization located in the Kremlin is the Federal Security Service - the Federal Security Service - the same service entrusted with a responsible mission - the protection of the highest officials of the Russian Federation.

One of the most interesting for tourists is the museum-reserve called "Moscow Kremlin", several parts of which were described above. It was founded in the distant 1806 and still is one of the mandatory places for acquaintance in Moscow.