The first color TV. What was the name of the first Soviet color television?

Modern life can not be imagined without a television. It's hard to believe that sometime there was no television at all. The first broadcast of the image at a distance appeared in the distant 1880s, and the TVs were then electromechanical. And only in 1907 there was a method of electric image transmission, and in 1932 Americans invented an electronic TV. Soon after the first black-and-white models appeared, scientists developed the first color TV. Black and white tones did not allow to fully enjoy the beauty of the outside world. Our ancestors installed a three-color film in front of the TV screen, thereby trying to diversify the color gamut of the image.

The first patented project

At the end of the nineteenth century, the Russian inventor, process engineer Alexander Semmordvinov put forward the assumption of the possibility of color television. He succeeded in the end of 1899 to obtain a patent for a genuine multi-colored television system. This system was analogous to today. In all of history, there have been about twenty-five color transfer projects put forward by different inventors. Alexander Polumordvinov proposed the theory of three-component multi-color vision. This theory of color perception was called Lomonosov-Jung-Helmgonts.

The essence of the theory of color perception

The meaning of this theory was that when using a color filter (three colors), a multicolored image of various shades is obtained. These colors - red, blue and green - are used in our time.

To get the image, two discs were used. They rotated at different speeds in parallel to each other. In the first disk, slots were made along the lines of radius, that is, from the center to the edge, and in the second, slits were cut in the form of a logarithmic spiral. The number of slits was a multiple of three.

When the slits on both disks intersected, a diamond-shaped aperture was obtained, which was the deployment element during the rotation of the disks. To obtain the image signal, the slits were successively closed by light filters. They were purple, green and red. With the help of a selenium photocell, the light that seeped through the aperture of a diamond-shaped shape turned into an electrical signal. Between the visual projection of the transmitted image and the photocell, one hole was located in each time interval, which was closed by a color filter of any color. At the moment when the hole went beyond the picture frame, another hole was moved from the opposite side, which was shifted by a distance equal to the width of the slot. This hole was closed by another color filter of a different color.

We find out when the first color TV appeared

The project of color television involved Adamyar, Zvorykin and many other inventors. Finding out what the first color TV appeared in the world should be addressed in the fifties, when in the US RCA company released the first color television CBS RX-40, which had a mechanical scan. The screen was 14 by 10 cm in size, before it was placed a disc with filters, which had a synchronized electric motor. But the image quality was very weak. In Russia, the first color television was released in 1954 in the city of Leningrad. The name of that model is "Rainbow". The advantage of the Soviet TV was that the rotating disc was hidden in the case. Also, the television receiver had an external magnifying lens made of plastic, which was filled with distilled water.

Development of electronic scanning

In 1950, a kinescope was developed with three electron guns, located at an angle of 120 degrees relative to each other. Such a TV had an electronic scan and a mask tube, covered with a mosaic luminophor. Three rays emitted from three cathodes (guns) and assembled in a "mask". Then the rays hit the screen and the segments glowed green, red and blue.

Westinghouse Period

By this principle in 1954, Westinghouse released the first color TV and presented it for sale as a model H840SC15. But out of five hundred released they sold only thirty per month, most of them were not sold. Such a failure was explained by a high price - $ 1,295, in translation for today's money - $ 11,200. Even the advertising company that suggested a strong desire to acquire the world's first color television did not help. Also, the first color TV was not needed because of irrelevance, because most of the broadcasts were shown in black and white.

The second TV brand

More popular was the RCA CT-100, released in April 1954. It was the first serial color TV. His screen was 12 inches. It sold 5000 TV sets at a price of $ 1000. A couple of weeks later, the same company RCA released a TV with a screen of 15 inches. Later, models with 19- and 20-inch screens were introduced.

So the intensive development of more and more advanced TVs began. The market of color television has expanded and now, when finding out when color television sets appeared, some historians call different dates. But the fact remains that new functions have appeared in them, opportunities have changed. The company General Electric sold TVs with a diagonal of 15 inches for $ 1000, and Sylvania for 1150. Some firms rented TVs for rent. For example, Emerson for the first month of rent took two hundred dollars, and the subsequent cost only 75 dollars. Then there was a price of 795 dollars for a model with a diagonal of 21 inches. And by the end of 1957, a hundred and fifty thousand color TVs had been sold. In the sixties, many TV models were developed, among which were "Rainbow" and "Temp". In the early seventies, the number of color broadcasts in the United States increased, and the cost of TV sets fell significantly. In 1967, the first color transmission of the SECAM standard appeared in the USSR, and the first Soviet color TV appeared on the shelves of stores, it was called "Rubin-401". It was completely Soviet development.

The development of television in the USSR

Mass sale of televisions with color images in the USSR fell on the seventies. For example, the TV "Electron" was 77.5 * 55 * 55 cm in size. This TV was a full-fledged part of the interior, because it was also used as a shelf. The diagonal "Electron" was 59 cm, and the mass of 65 Kg. The body of the TV is covered with valuable wood and varnish.

Earlier, in February 1957, the Council of Ministers decided that in 1958, broadcasting on a joint system began. On Shabolovka in November 1958, OCTS-2 was manufactured. And in January 1960 she began to regularly broadcast on the NTSC system. At that time, only two plants were producing TV sets. This Leningrad plant them. Kozitsky - "Rainbow" and a radio plant in Moscow - "Temp-22." In the sale of TVs have not yet arrived, although they were released 4000 pieces.

First color broadcast

The first color broadcast of broadcasting took place in 1967 on November 7 thanks to the concluded agreement on cooperation between the USSR and France. The French system was called SECAM. The brand of the first color TV was also French - KFT.

In 1967 appeared "Ruby-714", which was the most popular at that time, since the screen diagonal was already 61 cm.

For a long period, color TVs were sold at a low price to provide consumers with the opportunity to receive color television at an affordable price and evaluate its benefits.

By the end of the eighties, about fifty million color television sets were sold in the USSR, and the inventors were developing ever new models of the favorite technology.

The structure of television sets of 70-80 years

Inside the case there were a transformer, a tuner, a radio channel and a channel switch on the left, and a color block and a condensate block were located at the bottom. On the right, the most dangerous and powerful part was installed - a scanner unit with high-voltage lamps and a transformer. The TV took a meter range. To receive decimetric channels, a prefix was released, which converted the channels into one of the meter channels. Later, SKDs were issued, which existed until the mid-nineties, that is, almost twenty years.

The next step was the transition to transistors, assembled from microcircuits. The lamps were no longer used. Televisions were becoming smaller and bigger technologies. Now the manufacturers represent a huge number of TVs of different sizes. The possibilities of television are growing every year - progress does not stand still.