The drill is ... Diamond drill. Auger auger

Since ancient times man has enjoyed all the blessings of nature, including terrestrial subsoil. First, the most primitive tools were used to work with the earth: a pickaxe, a shovel, etc. With the progress of progress, human needs increased, and more sophisticated equipment was needed. Now, to drill the deepest well for water and oil extraction is not a problem. This is done with the help of special equipment. Here the drill is used. This device, which by means of a rotation makes a depression in the ground.

Drilling History

Any tool has a past. Boer is an ancient thing. Archaeological excavations show that another 25 thousand years ago it was used to drill holes in various primitive devices.

Ancient Egyptians used rotary drilling to build pyramids. In China, the well-known Confucius today mentioned the drilling of wells in 600 BC. E. Their depth reached 900 m. And this, in turn, indicates a good level of development of this technique even then. It is known that in Russia drilling began to develop in the IX century. Basically, it was used for the production of table salt.

Of course, the first drilling technologies were primitive and imperfect. The walls of the wells often collapsed and collapsed. To avoid this, various fastenings were laid inside: hollow tree trunks woven from bark or sheet iron pipes, etc.

There was one more significant problem - the remains of the rock during drilling had to be constantly raised. To do this, the earth drill was stopped and the used material was lifted. All this has hampered the process. But in 1846 engineer Fauvel proposed an effective solution to this problem. To do this, we began to use the washing wells. From the surface of the earth, ordinary water was pumped through special pipes, carrying the rock upward. This method became especially popular, since it provided practically uninterrupted operation of the drilling rig.

As for the tools, initially the process was carried out by a special bit, driven by a downhole motor. In addition, the structure included pipes that transport water and rock.

The modern type of electric drill was formed in 1938. Created by his native engineers Alexandrov and Ostrovsky.

Types of Boers

The tool, which has such a long history and wide scope of use, has many modifications.

Depending on the design, all borax can be divided into mechanical and electrical. In this case, the first is activated by the power of a person, and the second needs the energy of the current. The electric drill consists of an electric motor, screw and handle. The advantage of a mechanical tool is that it is completely independent of any power source. Therefore, it is more mobile and is cheaper. In addition, this construction has a homemade drill.

Depending on the structure distinguish:

• Bur-chisel.
• Boar spoon.
• Coil.
• Bailer.

The garden drill manual can also be divided into:

• Screw cutting tool. It has the same design, but consists of separate parts. It is convenient to transport and store.
• Screw-type non-leaved. One of the most common. Works only with a fixed depth of wells.
• Ring undivided drill.

Scope of the tool

A modern drill is a device for destroying various rocks during the construction of depressions of a cylindrical shape.

Drilling wells is simply necessary for exploration and search for various minerals. Also, a drill is required for direct extraction.

There are several other areas that require the use of such drilling:

1. Production of blasting operations. With drill holes are made of the necessary depth and diameter. Here, pre-prepared explosives and catalysts are laid. In order for the process to be directed, a very clear and cautious calculation is needed.
2. Laying various underground utilities. This is directly the telephone connection, electricity and much more. Through the holes made, they are fed almost to any depth. This is especially important for the construction of the metro, the life support of mines and mines.
3. Excavation of solid minerals. For such cases, a special diamond drill is most often used. With such a tool a hole is made, from where the necessary rock is carefully removed.
4. Dehumidification of wetlands. This is done by means of drainage. With the help of the drill, many holes are made through which the water leaves by itself. This method has been used since ancient times.
5. Artificial fixation of rocks. Usually this is done at a depth of up to 30 m. The primers are fixed by means of tampon injectors, which are installed with the help of drills.

Classification of drilling rigs

It is known that for more effective work it is necessary to use special tools. But in particularly complex industrial cases, entire complexes are used. Therefore, man learned how to use a drill as the basis of a whole production line. In this case, tools can not only be bought, but also built independently.

Depending on the type of drilling, there are:

1. Percussion instruments. This, for example, is a drill bit made of a particularly hard metal. Most often used for super strong rocks.

2. Rotational tools. A spiral drill is used here. This device is used for softer or friable rocks.

3. Combined drills. Combine the positive qualities of all instruments.

According to the nature of the destruction of rocks:

1. Continuous drilling. In this case, destruction is carried out over the entire area of the face.

2. Column drilling. Used often in research. The breed is destroyed solely by the ring.

By the type of working tool, the drilling mechanisms are divided into:

1. Crushing-shearing. For this, special teeth are provided in the tool.

2. Cutting-shearing. They work on the basis of blades.

3. Cutting-abrasion. Diamond and hard alloy parts are used here.

By the way of impact on the rock:

1. The mechanical drill. The principle of action uses both rotational and shock technology. A classic example is a bur for pillars manual. It is indispensable in the country and in a private house.

2. Non-mechanical drill. This is a hydraulic, electrophysical or thermal tool. To date, such devices are not widely used and are at the stage of development and improvement.

Drilling equipment of the USSR and Russia

A fairly large period of time in Soviet history falls on the Soviet period. It was then that industry, science and agriculture received the greatest development. The legacy of these times is still used in many industries. And some samples are still the pride of the domestic industry.

The history of our drilling equipment includes such installations:

1. BKM-303. This machine is used to install various supports and piles in frozen soils. The diameter of the drill is about 80 cm, load capacity up to 1.5 tons.

2. BM-251. This prototype was introduced in 1969. Its purpose is to prepare wells for explosions. The drilling depth of these machines is 2.5 m. The device consists of 2 working elements with a diameter of 1.1 m.

3. Mounted drilling equipment. This mobile unit was first released in 1982. Purpose - drilling in frozen ground.

4. Thermomechanical drilling machine. This is an experimental sample for subversive work.

5. BM-1001. This earth drill, using shock-rotary drilling, carries out geological exploration work.

From what and how to make a drill yourself?

In any private country house there are many problems that can be solved only with the help of special tools. This can be the organization of water supply, installation of all kinds of supports, planting and caring for plants, etc.

Of course, everything you need can be easily found in any construction shop. But it's much cheaper and more practical to make a tool yourself. It does not take much time and effort.

Homemade drill is done with the help of elementary tools, which are practically in every house or garage. To do this, you need an abrasive wheel for turning the cutting elements and a welding machine.

The device will consist of the drill itself, a metal pole and a special twist handle. In work also the armature in length about 2 m and the metal sheet can be necessary.

Step-by-Step Assembly Instructions

The drill is a fairly simple device. But even in this tool there are several features. Therefore, before you get down to business and design, for example, a self-made drill for pillars manual, you need to carefully study the instructions.

Let's highlight several stages:

1. Assembling and securing the working blade. To do this, you need a sheet of strong metal. And you need to determine in advance the type of work for which the drill will be used. The blanks should be 5-10 mm larger than the required diameter of the holes.

2. Preparation of the main basis. To do this, take the rod, which is firmly fixed in the vice. Then a couple of holes are made in it. Nuts with finished blades will be tightened here. Please note that these holes should be larger by 1-2 mm.

3. Making the desired shape of the blades. To do this, you need a Bulgarian. To give the blades the appearance of a kind of screw, a radial incision is made. Then sharpen their lower part.

4. A sharp tip. This is necessary for work with various hard rocks and frozen earth. The end can be sharpened or welded a pre-prepared drill bit. In this case, there must necessarily be screw grooves at the bottom of the rack.

5. The handle. It can be welded tightly or bolted, which will allow you to adjust the depth of drilling. In advance it is necessary to take care of wear and corrosion of structural elements. Therefore, the hand drill needs to be treated with special compounds and covered with paint. And only after that it can be fully used.

Diamond drill: properties and application

The needs of modern society are constantly growing. Therefore, science and progress do not stand still. Since the time of the first drilling, there has been a need to make wells not only in various rocks and frozen soils, but also in particularly hard materials.

Therefore, new powerful tools have appeared, working in any conditions. One such is a diamond drill. This device has excellent performance due to special spraying.

As you know, diamond is the hardest material on earth. In quality, it exceeds even concrete and metal. But technology using diamond spraying, appeared only in the middle of the last century. It was used exclusively in Western countries. In Russia, this technology appeared and did just a few years ago. In this case, not only a diamond drill is used, but also a diamond rope and cutting wheels. They are different in scope and device.

Diamond drill is a hollow cylinder made of metal. On its edge are soldered diamonds. This tool is used for cutting materials such as:

• Brickwork.
• Foam concrete, reinforced and reinforced concrete.
• Granite.
• Marble and artificial stone.
• Metal.
• Asphalt-concrete coating.

The diamond drill operates on the principle of grinding, when the material is broken and washed using appropriate sputtering and sealing. It is actively used in construction and dismantling, as well as in various types of production and even in scientific and research activities.

Why use screw auger?

Modern equipment is actively used not only in the industrial, but also in the household. The screw auger is most often used by non-professionals in the garden, in the country and in the private sector. It is a special pipe, wrapped in steel tape. Augers are fastened together by a thread and a figured connection. The principle of operation of this tool is based on rotary drilling, in which the destruction of rocks occurs by loosening and cutting. The shredded material is delivered to the top with a special auger.

This type of equipment, like many others, has a number of features. The main advantages are the following:

• Ease of operation. Thanks to its design, it is quite easy and convenient to use this tool.
• Reducing the number of tripping operations and increasing drilling speed.
• Versatility. This tool is suitable for a variety of works: construction, research, etc. Any well with a hand drill is done quickly and easily. You do not need to be a professional.

There are such types of tools used in auger drilling :

• Lobed chisels.
• Non-penetrating and through-running building augers.
• Drill rods.
• Screwers, screw augers and sub-assemblies.

Some interesting facts

Almost every object or tool in our everyday life has its own history. And during this time a huge number of various facts and interesting incidents accumulate. So with the drill habitual today:

1. The deepest artificial well is the Kola. Its drilling began back in 1970. Until 1990, they dug as much as 12,262 meters. At the same time, an ordinary earth drill was used.

The price of such an instrument today depends on the country of manufacture and the complexity of the equipment. The hand tool usually costs about 1500-2000 rubles, while foreign installations - from 25 000 rubles and above.

2. Russia has a huge reserve of underground fresh water. And the most effective way of production for today is drilling wells. But even so, only 10% of the total reserves are used.

3. The impetus to the use of diamond coating for drilling rigs was the invention of synthetic diamond. For the first time, such tools appeared in Europe. And then spread to the whole world.

4. Diamond rope and discs used in standard drilling equipment have emerged due to the development of technologies, materials and construction. They are designed specifically for cutting particularly hard rocks. Diamond drilling can have a foundation drill. This greatly speeds up and simplifies the work.

5. Fuel by drilling wells was first produced in China. It was 2,300 years earlier than the Europeans and Americans.