The DC motor is a collector and brushless version

Electric machines can be divided into two types according to their purpose: they are a generator and a DC motor. What is remarkable is that they are arranged almost identically. The only difference is that the generator converts the mechanical energy of rotation of the rotor in the magnetic field created by the stator winding into the electric stator, and the motor - on the contrary (converts electrical energy into rotational energy, that is, mechanical).

The DC motor has in its design an armature with conductors laid in its grooves. The second main part of this machine is the stator and its excitation windings with several poles. The principle of operation of such a device is quite simple. Passing along the wire of the upper part of the anchor a constant current in different directions (on one side "from us", and on the other "on us"). According to the famous rule of the left hand, those conductors that are at the top will be pushed out of the stator's magnetic field to the left, and the conductors located at the bottom of the anchor will be pushed to the right.

Since the copper conductors are packed in special grooves, the forces of impact will be transferred to the anchor and turn it.

When one part of the conductor is turned and stands against the south pole of the stator, the braking process will begin (the conductor will begin to press into the left side). To prevent this process, it is necessary to change the current direction in the wire. To do this, use the so-called collector, and the engine with this principle of operation is called the DC motor.

In it, the armature winding will transfer the torque to the motor shaft, and the latter will drive the necessary machinery mechanisms. It should be noted that the whole principle of operation of such equipment is based on inverting the DC current in the anchor chain.

However, there is also a brushless DC motor. Unlike the collector, it does not have brushes in its device, which create an additional danger during the operation of the engine (brushes rub against the rotating rotor and can create sparks, which can lead to the ignition of poorly isolated parts of the electric machine).

The DC motor without a collector has in its design bearings and special controllers programmed to provide all switching processes inside the engine. In addition, it has microdrives with high-precision positioning.

That is why such a device will cost much more than a conventional DC collector motor. However, the use of such an engine justifies itself: its wear resistance, reliability, and safety have been increased. Significantly higher and efficiency (EFFICIENCY), and resistance to overload.

In contrast to the DC motor, the modernization of which is virtually stopped, the brushless model is constantly being updated. For example, more recently, a contactless three-phase DC motor without a collector has been developed.