The best varieties of potatoes for cultivation. Early varieties of potatoes. Sorts of the most delicious potatoes

Potatoes are called the second bread for its useful properties and the content of all the necessary substances. This culture has long been classified according to various characteristics, and first of all according to the varieties that are determined depending on the maturity of the potato.

Historical reference

At present, potatoes are not only a common food product, but the main vegetable on our table. He was brought to Russia by Peter the Great from Holland, where the emperor tried a large number of dishes from it. They pleased him, and Peter 1 ordered to deliver a bag of potatoes to Russia. Here she gained incredible popularity. They began to eat it instead of bread. She saved people from death in the poor harvest of grain.

Terms of maturation

What kinds of potatoes are best planted in their garden, the owner himself decides. Moreover, the choice is very large: there are three and a half thousand of them. Varieties are subdivided depending on the time of ripening of tubers.

• Early varieties of potatoes give mature roots in 50-60 days.
• Middle-aged enough 65-80 days for maturation.
• The middle-ripening yields in 80-95 days.
• Middle-late varieties are collected 95-110 days after planting.
• Late potatoes mature within four months.

Potato varieties are selected depending on many conditions. Their growth is influenced by soil and climatic conditions. For example, late varieties are more productive, tubers taste great. Nevertheless, this potato is more prone to various diseases. While the early varieties of potatoes are characterized by poor yields and practically free of starch.

How to choose seeds?

In order to get a good harvest, you need to prepare for planting seed tubers. They should be without any signs of disease. The size of the potato variety does not matter, but it is better to take an average tuber size, 20-50 g. Cutting them is not recommended, except if there is a shortage of seeds. But in this case there is another way to multiply it. We need to germinate the tubers in the light. When they give sprouts, they are planted in a mixture of sawdust with sand and poured with a complex fertilizer. Very soon there will be shoots, they are separated from the tuber and planted in the soil. They continue to germinate further, and the procedure is repeated. During the season, one tuber can give up to a hundred shoots.

Seed potatoes are selected at once during its digging from the bed. For 2-3 weeks it is placed in a dark, cool, well ventilated room. After that, the seeds are washed and dried in the sun for 3-5 weeks. Once a week the tubers of this variety of potatoes Need to inspect, turn over, remove the unhealthy. Now you can lay the planting stock for storage. It can be a cellar or a cellar with an air temperature of 1-3 degrees above zero. In early March, the seed potatoes are raised from the cellar into a warm, well-lit room with a temperature of up to 15 degrees. Here it warms up and sprouts. In the land it is planted by the end of April.

Potatoes Nevsky: description

This vegetable is famous for its good harvest and unpretentiousness to the soil. The potato variety of Nevsky is characterized by the mid-term maturation period. Therefore, in our country grows everywhere. The bush is small and compact. On numerous straight stems, inflorescences of white color are formed. The plant blooms profusely for a short time. Under each bush grows up to 15 large root crops weighing 130 g each. The tubers have an oval shape and small pink eyes on the yellow peel. The variety of potatoes Nevsky has a creamy cream color, which does not darken when cutting, it does not boil during cooking and has good taste.

It does not reduce yields even in drought and rainy weather. Potatoes Nevsky is resistant to various diseases of this type of culture. Well stored in rooms with a low temperature. For better germination, the seed tubers warm up and germinate. But it is not recommended to cut them, cut off sprouts and plant them in unheated soil. Hence the conclusion: potatoes Nevsky is valued excellent taste of root crops, high yields, attractive tubers and many other advantages.

Potatoes yellow

This vegetable is a valuable and indispensable product in the traditional Russian cuisine. Yellow fries are considered the most favorite. Its color flesh gets because of the content of carotene in the tubers, which are well boiled, sweet to taste, without acid and bitterness. Root is good for cooking any dishes that always look appetizing and aesthetic. Varieties of yellow potatoes are very diverse, we will consider some of them.

• Veneta is an early variety, it has a yellow color of tubers and flesh. Rind on the form of mesh. Starch accumulates early, and its vegetable contains 13-15 percent. Veneta - The most delicious potatoes. The variety is resistant to drought.
• Symphony - vegetable culture with medium maturity. It has an exquisite taste and attracts attention with an aesthetic look. Tubers have a red color and yellow flesh. They are not very large in size, but there is enough starch in them, up to 19 percent.
• The tempo is late, the tubers are yellow and the pulp is cream. The starch content in it is the highest - 22 percent. This variety is better than others for infectious diseases and therefore suitable for long-term storage.

Potatoes red

Such a vegetable provides the human body with all the necessary substances. It contains vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and amino acids. Red varieties of potatoes are especially useful. They are ideal for dietary nutrition and have a balanced composition and low fiber content. Tubers of a red vegetable of this culture remove from the body slags, slow down its aging, reduce the risk of cancer.

• Beard pink is an early variety. It has tubers of a rounded shape of a corresponding color with numerous small eyes. However, their pulp has a cream or yellow color. They are large, the weight of some reaches 140 g. The content of starch is from 14 to 19 percent. For information: the less starch is found in potatoes, the less it gets boiled and becomes more friable.
• Simpli Red is a late cultivar with red tubers. The pulp is cream colored and contains up to 19 percent starch. Tubers of medium size have an excellent taste, they do not boil during cooking.

The best potato varieties

The taste of potatoes directly depends on the content of various compounds in it. In the best grades, there are more amino acids, the ratio of which determines the taste of the tuber.

• Rosalind refers to the best early vegetable crops. It is characterized by excellent taste and harmonious maturation. Oval tubers are covered with a smooth red peel. The pulp is yellow and contains 17 percent starch. The tubers are even, there are few eyes, and this facilitates their processing.
• Romano is an early Dutch potato variety. The pulp of large oval tubers is creamy white and contains 19 percent starch. This variety has a high yield regardless of the weather conditions. From each bush you can collect up to a kilogram of vegetables. Their surface is smooth, and the taste is superior to any expectation. For many Romano - The most delicious potatoes. The variety is very popular in our country.

Potatoes for winter storage

This vegetable is not a perishable food. But improper storage of root crops in winter will bring additional trouble. Potatoes react quickly to moisture and, with an increased content of it, begins to rot. High or low air temperature does not make the storage conditions comfortable. In order to better preserve the harvest in winter time, it is necessary to approach the selection of varieties of potatoes responsibly. Here are some of them, which are ideal for wintering in storage.

• Lorkh is a medium-late variety, has a high yield and is slightly susceptible to diseases. But scab and cancer can hurt him. Tubers are beige in color, their light flesh has good taste qualities. Lorkh - The best potatoes for the winter. Varieties Late maturing periods are ideal for long-term storage.
• Asterix is a medium-term maturing vegetable. Red tubers have an elongated shape and medium sizes. Pulp of light yellow color is pleasant to taste. This sort of potato is suitable for the production of chips. It does not have a high yield, but is resistant to many viral diseases. This feature allows the use of Asterix potatoes for long-term storage.
• Olev refers to the late-ripening harvest varieties of potatoes. Tubers of white color are characterized by high content of vitamin C and excellent taste qualities. There are few eyes on them, the flesh is yellow, friable. This variety is resistant to damage by scab and black leg. Perfectly suitable for winter storage.
• Bryansk reliable - medium late potatoes with light beige tubers and white flesh. It is pleasant to taste, gives a good harvest and is resistant to viral diseases and defeat by beetles. The plant and tubers are moderately susceptible to late blight. The scab is not almost amazed. This attracts truck farmers, and they are happy to grow potatoes for storage for the winter.

Pests

Pests and diseases cause a lot of trouble, they reduce yield. To prevent this, it is necessary to regularly carry out preventive measures aimed at protecting plants from damage and diseases.

The wireworm, living in the ground, damages the roots and tubers. Its larvae are brightly colored. Digging the soil, they need to collect and burn. This pest enjoys the grass of the wheat grass, in which it quickly breeds. Therefore, we need to fight this weed. For this, beds with potatoes should be more often weeded and loosened. After each digging, lime.

The Colorado beetle harms the tops and tubers. Bugs and larvae feed on leaves and young shoots, and when they eat all the greens, they switch to tubers. To combat this pest, you need to collect and destroy it. With a strong spread of the beetle, the plants are sprayed with chlorophos for technical needs. Any spraying stops a month before harvest.

Diseases

Beef fever is the most common fungus of any sort of potato. A photo Affected The fungus of the potatoes you see below. It covers the vegetative part of the plant and tubers, which are infected from diseased leaves and stems during the digging of potatoes. If a disease is found, the tops should be cut off at once, and the plant should be sprinkled with a solution. Now in stores there is always a large selection of chemicals. Two weeks before harvest, the processing of potatoes is stopped.

Scab is a disease of tubers when they are covered with sores and warts. Sick vegetables are poorly stored and have unsightly appearance. The scab is transmitted through soil and infected tubers. It spreads quickly when a large amount of humus is added to the well. A good prevention is the replacement of garden crops in the garden.

Black leg - one of the diseases of potatoes. It is easy to distinguish by yellow and folded leaves. The root, the stem rot and black, and the plant can easily be pulled out. The potatoes are infected from other diseased plants with strong soil and air moistening. Disease is manifested during storage or after planting tubers. To combat this disease in a timely manner, the diseased plants are removed from the bed. Before storage for the winter, the tubers are dried well.