Test stands: description, application, schemes and types

Test stands are research equipment intended for various acceptance, control, special tests of technical and mechanical objects. The essence of the check is to identify the correspondence of the real and maximum loads. Consider the types of such devices and their features.

general information

Test stands in a standard configuration is a complex consisting of a frame, a vibratory, hydraulic or other working system, test equipment, additional devices.

Checking the device or mechanism on the bench allows you to evaluate several parameters simultaneously, which affect the object. In real conditions, such testing is almost impossible. After the tests, the indicators are fixed. Defects of the unit operation or its full compliance with the required parameters are determined. This approach allows us to identify and eliminate constructive shortcomings in a timely manner.

Appointment and application of test benches

The use of these devices contributes to the following aspects:

• Improves the quality of products.
• Energy saving is ensured.
• The influence of the human factor on a number of processes is reduced.
• Improving working conditions due to automation and control of the process.

As a rule, the test and test stand allows using three main positions:

1. Design and research of objects.
2. Determine the possibility of manufacturing or repairing serial samples that need regular verification or calibration.
3. Monitor the operation of the equipment during operation.

At each stage a number of tests are provided, which are usually carried out according to a standard procedure. After implementing the conceived algorithm, the automatic system makes it possible in a mathematical sense to estimate several parameters of the controlled object. In turn, this improves the performance, accuracy and economy of the device. On modern test benches an automated functioning matrix is provided, which after a short period of time displays all indications on the display with decoding.

Principle of operation

Automated devices make it possible to use them with minimal operator involvement. For example, to test software and its analogs, a software package is used that can virtually test the required units.

This technology gives a number of advantages, namely:

• There is an autonomous commutation of the measuring channels.
• The power settings remain unchanged.
• The readings are automatically taken off and then recorded in the measurement log.
• The test settings are selected in accordance with the conditions and features of the test.

Hardware elements

In this regard, the equipment of test benches consists of the following devices:

1. Spectrum Analyzer, which is responsible for incoming analog signals of the inspected object.
2. Amplifiers, which are required to improve the incoming information in a pulsed form.
3. Switching unit. This node allows you to test incoming information using special analyzers, regardless of the communication channel used.
4. Power sources serving to activate the stand or parts of the device under test.
5. Multimeters, boards and converters. They perform the function of stabilizers and normalizers, ensuring normal operation without voltage drops or other factors.
6. Additional devices.

The software part

It is worth noting that the test benches of electrical equipment can combine several parts in one body. This allows you to simultaneously check almost all the required parameters of the object to be inspected.

The program of some stands is made in the system ZETVIEW, which involves the use of several block matrices. The equipment under consideration can be manufactured for a strictly narrow specialization or to check the full range of possible aspects.

Universal Test Bench

Such calibration machines enable testing of devices having similar characteristics. The operator simply selects an appropriate object from the list and adjusts the device to suit the required parameters. Typically, changes are made to the frequency, dynamic ranges, the number of verifiable indicators and the margin of error.

Such devices are equipped with a sophisticated interface, which allows the user to adjust the software settings. A similar type of stands is multifunctional modifications. They are designed to work in several modes. Among them:

• Calibration.
• Debugging.
• Verification.

To set up the correct functioning of the device, you need to select the appropriate position. Such devices allow the operator to select the required program and test the object. After that, if necessary, he can reconfigure the next mode.

Analogues

Hydraulic test bench makes it possible to check the corresponding elements of the valves and amplifiers. As a result, the reading of the power characteristic, the sensor readings, the amplitude of the transmitted signal and other basic operating parameters are recorded. The unit consists of control valves that open and close, depending on the direction of the test. With the help of such a device, you can test the following indicators of hydraulic devices:

• Supply of pressure.
• Kinematic energy.
• Speed aspects.
• Tightness of the device.
• The work of monitoring devices.
• Functionality of motors and auxiliary elements.

Features of the hydraulic test bench

The considered adaptation concerns mainly to the sphere of mechanical engineering. It can also be used for testing hydraulic distributors, electrohydraulic amplifiers, other units equipped with a suitable system.

The scheme of the test stand, which is presented below, indicates that the device can also be equipped with a control unit. This allows you to test electromechanical converters. They measure the performance between the amplifier and the output parameter block, as well as the state of the hydraulic motor.

In the modifications considered, the speed index is determined by feeding currents of different polarity and magnitude to the input of the EMF. This takes into account the speed of movement of the output part of the process motor, as well as the magnitude of the movement of the moving link.

Minuses

The negative features of these units include a very long duration of measurements, especially in the field of low costs, which have a low informative content.

Nevertheless, the improved scheme of the hydraulic test bench allows you to check not only the main motor, but also its associated units, as well as the amplifier. And it is possible to do this with connected hydraulic lines, without draining liquids.

In conclusion

The price of the test bed depends on many factors. First, the cost affects the type of device. It is logical that modern automated devices will cost much more. Nevertheless, they are able to issue test results for all required parameters directly to the display in seconds.

Used modifications can be purchased from 85 thousand rubles. This applies to the simplest model. More productive options can cost over 5 million. It is worth noting that the units under consideration not only provide verification of the surveyed objects, but also participate in the part of the guarantee of safety and quality of the products. Consequently, test benches are one of the most effective methods for developing and monitoring existing instruments, devices and mechanisms.