Surveillance system: installation. CCTV: installation and maintenance

If you ask specialists what they mean by video surveillance, then the answer will be something like this, which is performed using optoelectronic devices designed for visual monitoring or automated image analysis. And if you ask ordinary people who are confronted with cameras in a bank or a store, then the answer is the option that this is part of the security of the object. Both definitions will be correct.

What is video surveillance needed for?

Each leader has his own motivation for installing such a system. Someone is watching customers and employees in the store, someone behind the warehouse workers, and someone behind the office workers to assess the productivity of labor. Video surveillance is also used in private homes. To control children, nannies or pets. But the main goal is to control the situation on the monitored site around the clock or at selective hours.

What is a video surveillance system

What is video surveillance, was described above, but there is the second part of the term - "system". What elements does it consist of?

DVR

This is the central part of the system. Without it, installation of a video surveillance system is impossible. It joins executive devices and control devices, video cameras and security sensors. Recording is conducted to a hard disk of various sizes depending on the model of the recorder. The recording period is regulated by the volume of the hard disk and can be from 5 to 30 days. Cameras can shoot a picture in three ways: 24 hours a day, on a schedule, on the detection (availability) of traffic. The DVR can be connected to a local network or connected to the Internet to manage it remotely.

On large objects for the storage and analysis of video information is not used by registrars, but special servers with their software.

Camcorders

Another important element of the system for video surveillance is the camera. Their design features are selected depending on the location and goals. They can be colored and black and white, outdoor and indoor, with IR illumination for night shooting and without.

The main groups of video cameras

Cameras for video surveillance can be divided into the following groups:

• Modular and case . The first is a board with an objective. Can be built in almost any subject of the interior. The second - stand-alone devices for indoor and outdoor observation (to be placed in a thermo-housing).
• Analog and digital. Analog cameras are great for solving simple tasks (in a small store, office, home), when there are not so many controllable objects and there is no need for high detail of the picture. Digital cameras are installed on more serious objects, they have more functionality.
• Street and internal . Street cameras are protected by their housing from various environmental influences. Internal cameras do not require such protection and can have a more aesthetic design.
• Stationary and manageable . The stationary camera watches only the area to which it was originally aimed, when the installation was carried out. The CCTV system, built on controlled cameras, can change the viewing direction according to the specified settings or through remote control, which increases the radius of the control zone.
• Color and black and white . Chambers of black and white attract the clarity of the picture. Color cameras are more informative. Recently, color cameras have become equal to black and white in clarity. And the latter has only one advantage - a lower price.
• Wired and wireless. For wired cameras, the video signal is transmitted over the cable. Wireless cameras transmit by means of a radio signal.

Source of power

Any electrical device requires power to operate. The elements of the video surveillance system are no exception. For these purposes, it is better to use specially designed power supplies. They are of constant and alternating current, varying amperage and design. They can be powered from the building's electrical networks or can be autonomous. The last factor allows even in a dense forest to make installation. The video surveillance system is becoming more autonomous.

Covers. Brackets

To enable modular cameras to work in outdoor conditions, special protective devices have been developed - thermal housings. They protect the device from overheating, freezing, excessive humidity, dust and other weather conditions, and from damage while the installation is in progress. The CCTV today received a different type of camera, in which the lens and other electronic stuffing are initially installed in a specially protected case. Brackets are used to mount cameras on various surfaces: walls, posts, roofs, canopies.

Monitors

In the full cycle of video surveillance is included not only the recording of what is happening, but also the possibility of monitoring events on the air. To make this possible, a monitor is connected to the DVR. Since the operation of the video surveillance system must be uninterrupted, professional devices are required to display live pictures. They are able to work 24 hours a day 7 days a week and do not spoil the view of the operators seated behind them.

Cable

To connect cameras to the DVR, use a coaxial cable or a twisted pair when mounting is in progress. A video surveillance system built for large distances (over 50 m) requires the addition of signal amplifiers to transmit a good picture, which can be active and passive.

Lightning protection devices

Since the wires laid out from the outside, attract lightning and static electricity, installation of protective devices is required.

Design

If the plans do not include the installation of a video surveillance system with your own hands, you will need to develop a project. And for this it is necessary to participate in the process of a specialist with architectural and engineering abilities and for a while. He needs to take into account all possible threats to the safety and desires of the client, as well as regulatory requirements. A clearly structured technical assignment will greatly facilitate the work of the design engineer.

Installation and installation of video surveillance systems

You can try installing it yourself. Installation of a video surveillance system with their own hands is possible. Moreover, many sellers offer ready-made kits. It will only be necessary to determine the number and type of cameras, calculate the length of the cable, the number of connectors for connecting cameras. Then the installation itself is carried out. The video surveillance system does not require special knowledge during installation, especially since manufacturers attach detailed instructions to most cameras. From each camera, a video cable is routed to the recorder, and a cable from the power supply is routed to each camera . Cables can be laid in the cable duct, can be laid in the baseboard, under the ceiling or in any other convenient way. After the cables are laid, and the cameras are connected to the recorder and energized, the system is started and adjusted.

However, if you approach the issue of installing a video surveillance system more seriously, it will be more appropriate to contact a specialized company. As a rule, in such organizations there are specialists with a lot of practical experience in designing, installing, adjusting and then servicing similar systems. It is enough to conclude a contract for the installation of a video surveillance system.

The installation is performed after the client has approved all the characteristics of the future system: what cameras and how many, what devices are used to process information and display it, how much information should be stored on the time, what types of management of the CCTV system the customer prefers.

When the system is installed, start-up operations are performed . Each camera is customized based on the customer's wishes and specifications. Readiness of the system for operation is confirmed by a signed certificate of completed work.

As an additional service, organizations specializing in the installation of video surveillance systems offer their subsequent maintenance. And the best option is that when the installation and maintenance are performed by the same organization.

The cost of installing the system can be extremely different and depends on many factors: the number of cameras and their characteristics, the DVR or the server, the distance from the camera, the location of the cameras (room, street), etc. The estimate for the installation of the video surveillance system is provided by any organization involved in the installation , Where all the above-mentioned factors affecting the cost of the installation will be indicated. Questions can appear in the accounting department, how to properly write off the money for this work.

Installation of CCTV, COSSU

Accountants who have to transfer money for work performed should pay for the installation service under subheading 226 COSSU, and for the equipment supplied - under Article 310 of COSSU.

Those who wish to open their own business and start installing video surveillance systems should know the code of OKVED - "Installation of a video surveillance system" - 45.31. There is another code that needs to be taken into account. OKPD - "Installation of a video surveillance system" - 32.30.91. However, in this business, without work experience and special education, it is not easy to work, but very difficult. And if there is no such experience, it is better to hire specialists, which, of course, is a little expensive.

The first clients are among friends, through advertisements in newspapers and on boards advertising on the Internet. Masking ads around the city also does not hurt, as well as visiting shops, offices for the provision of their services. The installation of a video surveillance system will help with their own hands, until the staff and luggage of private customers are formed. Then you can try to enter the market of corporate clients, where the volumes of work and profitability are an order of magnitude higher. The profitability of this business can be above one hundred percent.