Sopor is what is in medicine?

If a person has a clear consciousness during active activity, this means that the brain functions normally. If his work is coordinated, the citizen will alternate periods of activity and rest, which can not be said about people who have disorders such as soporus, stupor, coma and the like.

Some painful processes in the body lead to confusion of consciousness, up to its complete absence. It should be noted that in this case it itself does not change, but is simply violated. One of these states is sopor. If such a disorder occurs, you should immediately consult a doctor to find out the true cause of it in order to eliminate it.

Why there is a disorder of consciousness

Let us consider in detail what a sopor is. This is a sign that one can suspect problems in the work of the brain due to the dominance of the inhibitory effect of the reticular formation. How does this disorder manifest itself?

Causes of Contention:

1. Damage to nervous tissue.
2. Lack of oxygen in the brain.
3. The impact of a variety of substances that lead to a violation of consciousness.

What conditions can provoke this disorder?

These include:

1. Sopor after a stroke is in the first place. The situation is complicated if it appeared in the upper part of the brain.
2. Hypertensive crises are severe.
3. Head injuries that led to the formation of blood clots and damage to nervous tissue.
4. Endocrine diseases and disorders.
5. Tumors of the brain.
6. Problems with metabolism in hepatic or renal insufficiency.
7. Subarachnoidal circulation with a rupture of arachnoid space.
8. Effects on the brain of carbon monoxide for a long time.
9. Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system caused by infectious agents.
10. Blood poisoning.
11. Disorder of electrolyte and water exchanges.
12. Heart failure is severe.
13. Sunstroke or low temperature.

Symptoms of the stasis

The person in this state seems to be asleep, does not react to anything, except the strongest stimuli. Hearing a very sharp sound, he wakes up, but eyeballs look at one point, they do not move. If you press on the nail plate, the patient pulls back his arm. If a patient is given an injection in this condition, patting the cheek or causing pain in another way, this will lead to a negative but short-term reaction. In a patient with an upset consciousness, a sopor can lead to abuse and even pugnacious conditions.

When examined, a decreased muscle tone and oppression of deep reflexes are revealed. The pupils practically do not react to light, the corneal reflex and swallowing movements, fortunately, are not violated.

Along with this, manifestations of neurology, which speak of local damage to certain structures and parts of the brain, can be detected. The state of sopor after a stroke will be manifested by stiff neck and meningeal symptoms. Sometimes there are convulsive seizures, involuntary jerking of muscles.

There is much less common hyperkinetic sopor. This is when a person experiences delirium, chaotic movements arise, he does not understand what is wanted from him, speech is indistinct and is not clearly addressed to whom.

If there was a stroke, then in a comparable state there is a typical picture:

1. A person wants to sleep and looks tired.
2. Reaction to pain stimuli is present.
3. He does not answer questions, he is not oriented in the situation.
4. If there is a sharp sound stimulus, then the eyes open themselves.
5. Hypotonus of muscles.
6. Tendon reflexes are blunted.
7. The man is depressed.
8. Coordination of movements.

I must say that in a normal state a person has constant brain activity. It is then reduced, then increases again. When you match, a person seems to be asleep. In simple terms, he is not able to make decisions, and even extreme circumstances can not change anything. Such a state is dangerous for the patient and those who surround him. In this case, activity and sleep in the patient can dramatically change each other.

The part of the brain that activates activity is very deep in the cerebral cortex. Consequently, if its work is disturbed, the signals from the senses and perception do not reach the site that is responsible for all this, as a result, the consciousness is confused. And this is fraught with unconscious conditions, observed arbitrarily. The shutdown periods can be short-lived. But after one of them a person can fall into a coma. And what is this state?

Coma is the total depression of the central nervous system, in which there is a loss of consciousness in the clinical picture, there is no reaction to irritations, vital functions are violated.

Recall what is a sopor. This is the complete extinction of the voluntary activity of consciousness.
The patient perceives the surrounding fuzzy, it is unclear, there may even be hallucinations and nonsense. The patient is disoriented, confuses dates and names, does not remember what he ate breakfast today. But very clearly talks about the stories that happened in the past. To all this after a stroke there is either a high degree of anxiety, or apathy to what is happening around.

Sometimes there is a "lock-up syndrome" syndrome. With him, the person retains consciousness and the ability to think, but his body refuses to listen, there is a kind of paralysis.

Diagnostic measures in conjunction

Sopor, coma and stunning are completely different mental disorders. Therefore, in the violation of consciousness, first of all, it is necessary to differentiate the enumerated states from each other.

The main examination is aimed at revealing the main cause of the onset of one of the disorders and accompanying shifts in metabolic processes.
It is extremely important for the doctor to learn as much as possible of the data preceding the present state.

To do this, it is important to study all the patient's medical records and conduct a conversation with his relatives accompanying him. A study of the bag and personal clothes of a sick person is being carried out. Often it helps to detect certain drugs that could lead to a state that characterizes stupor. Sopor also requires screening methods of research.

How it is necessary to carry out diagnostics?

It is necessary:

1. Carry out an examination of the patient's body for: damage, rash, hemorrhage, traces from the injection.
2. Take the analysis for the presence of alcohol in the urine.
3. Measure blood pressure.
4. Measure the temperature of the patient's body.
5. Determine the sugar in the blood.
6. и аускультацию. Make electrocardiography and auscultation.

A stupor, or stunning, is characterized by a state of half-awakening. In this case, a person loses some or all of the degree of expression of the interaction of thoughts and actions due to gross attention disorders, drowsiness is observed.
Normal stunning should be distinguished from alcoholic delirium. In the second case, stunning is combined with motor excitation, delirium and hallucinations, as well as activation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Signs of deep sopor

When coma and deep sopre observed the following symptoms:

1. Violation of consciousness.
2. Disorders of breathing until oppression.
3. Pupils do not respond to light.
4. Disturbance of eye movement during eyelid lift.
5. There may be epileptic seizures.
6. Muscle twitching.
7. Involuntary movements, similar to arbitrary.
8. Sharp tension or, conversely, muscle relaxation.

At the same time, blood tests for biochemistry and the level of electrolytes are taken. If a person has poisoning, then blood is needed for toxicology and urine for the presence of narcotic substances. It happens that you need an MRI and a lumbar puncture.

First aid for impaired consciousness

How to conduct it? It is necessary:

1. Call the ambulance.
2. Collect data for anamnesis from relatives to make a probable diagnosis.
3. PS, температуру и глюкозу в крови, если есть глюкометр. Measure blood pressure, respiratory rate, PS, temperature and glucose in the blood, if there is a glucometer.
4. Examination of the skin, eye strain and tonus of the extremities, the size of the pupils and reaction to light.
5. In / in, inject 60 ml of 40% glucose with 100 mg of vitamin B1.

Principles of treatment of sopor

Let us recall once again what is a sopor. This deep violation of consciousness with the loss of arbitrary and the preservation of some reflex activity. Hence, therapy should be directed at eliminating the root cause, which led to depression of consciousness. It should be done as soon as possible.

Development of sopor is often preceded by ischemic disease and edema of brain tissue that can be observed in various pathologies. If the treatment is started quickly, the disorder will also pass faster. Very often, the nerve cells located near the lesion focus in the brain are affected. If the treatment is incorrect, the symptoms will increase due to damage and further death of the neurons in this zone. At such a confluence of circumstances, the sopor can pass into a coma, and neurological disorders will be pronounced.

The main goal of treatment is to eliminate hydrocephalus and restore normal blood circulation in the brain. Also, heart rhythm disturbances are eliminated, and doctors begin to treat kidney and liver failure. If there are infections, a course of antibiotic therapy is carried out, bleeding must be eliminated.

Prognosis after treatment

The further prognosis after sopor depends on the cause that caused it, the degree of neural tissue damage and therapeutic measures. The earlier the root cause of the disorder has been discovered and all the necessary medical interventions have been carried out, the higher the chance for an early recovery and normalization of the activity usual for a person.

Stamorous condition in stroke

The combination of stroke and sopor is very bad for the human body. The second disorder usually has a hemorrhagic stroke. All this is fraught with coma.

Sopor, like any other pathology, requires timely diagnosis and treatment. If this is not done, then a person's health is threatened with great danger, up to a lethal outcome.

A small conclusion

Now you know what characterizes such a state as a sopor. What is it in medicine, we also disassembled in some detail. Therefore, if you encounter this disorder in your life, you will know what to do next and do not prematurely beat the alarm, but competently approach the treatment of the disease.