Solar battery in the country: installation, description and reviews. Street lamps on solar batteries for summer residence

The concept of using solar energy as a resource for the maintenance of household infrastructure has been entering the mass consumption market for several years. It has a lot of advantages that are expressed in such aspects as environmental safety, the infinity of energy supply and, most importantly for many consumers, the lack of invoices for payment to the service provider. In other words, a solar battery in the country is a free energy supply that does not harm the environment. But, aside from the advantages, there are drawbacks to such systems, which to this day do not allow the use of photovoltaic energy to a wide mass of consumers. This is largely due to the high cost of equipment, but there are also nuances in the technology of installation, operation and maintenance of batteries. Anyway, the technology deserves to consider in more detail the appropriateness of its application in the form of power supply systems and lighting elements in the country.

General information about "sunlight"

The tasks of supplying lighting equipment are not particularly difficult for photovoltaic modules. If we recall that some systems of this type are capable of servicing houses together with heating and electrical appliances, street lamps on solar batteries for cottages can be viewed as a consumer of energy with minimal load. Despite this, batteries in the form of photocells are supplied with modern devices for controlling equipment. The fundamental question in the choice will affect the autonomy of solar kits for lighting.

There are two main power configurations. In the first case, it is envisaged that lanterns and lighting fixtures already in their designs will provide photocells for their own power. The second type of system assumes that the power supply will be from the network, so you can use traditional lighting devices in the same way as solar-powered lanterns for cottages, but with a difference in the power scheme.

Lamps and lanterns on solar batteries

The simplest solution that a summer resident can afford is that wants to join the technological progress. The principle of operation of such devices is to generate current from the ultraviolet directly in the device itself. Usually these are LED devices that have the following elements in the structure: a storage battery, a semiconductor LED, a light sensor, a battery, a microprocessor and a photocell that converts solar energy into electricity. Modern street lamps on solar panels for cottages are able to work up to 8 hours, provided that the battery is fully charged. Again, this is absolutely free energy that accumulates in the process of supplying the photocell from the natural light. It is important to note that charging is possible not only in clear weather, but also during periods of low clouds, which extends the functionality of such lamps and fixtures. The main disadvantage of such devices is the limitation in the place of installation. Place lanterns, in particular, only in open areas for natural light.

Power supply for solar-powered lighting

If there is a network in the country with access to centralized power supply, then using stand-alone devices for lighting is irrational. Therefore, as an alternative, we propose a circuit in which the power of all the lighting elements is realized. As a result, every street lantern for giving on solar batteries will be fed from the main network by means of the same photocells, but on a different scale. The disadvantage of such a system is that everyday charges and discharges of batteries have a negative effect on their performance. There is a cycle that reduces the life of the elements. The output from the situation can be various programs that allow to automate the schedule of power supply by sunlight in order to optimize the consumption of accumulated energy on the lights. This reduces the load on the batteries, but complicates the system and increases its cost.

Systems with photoelectric inverters

This is a more technological option for organizing the supply of lighting devices using solar energy converters. At the heart of such systems is the same network power distribution, but there is also a fundamental difference, which is expressed in the addition of the complex by a photoelectric network inverter. In practice, the dignity of such a configuration is expressed in the fact that the lighting on solar batteries for the dacha feeds from the central network, consuming exactly the amount of energy that was generated and consumed by the photocells during the day. The question arises: how and where is energy spent during the day? The answer is obvious - on the food of other consumers of the dacha. This is how the resource is redistributed in a sparing mode for solar cells. The system, as energy is stored, gives it to the power of other devices, thus saving the working life of the batteries.

How to choose solar modules?

The solar module is a high-tech element, through which the light energy is converted into a current. Accordingly, and the requirements for it a lot. First of all, the quality of materials should be taken into account. By the way, flashlights for dachas on solar batteries contain similar elements in the design, so the criteria can be similar. So, the aluminum frame should be durable and lightweight, and also provide ample opportunities for installation. Then follows the evaluation of the quality of the silicon used, the contact paste and the performance of the solder. With regard to performance and performance, the main characteristic is power. There are several types of power, since the device can work in different power formats and power consumption. In the opinion of specialists, the optimal power indicators for lighting systems are 12-24 V.

Completion of equipment

Even a system with a small load requires the use of not only a module, but also additional communication devices, which include a solar battery for a summer residence. A set of standard types includes the following elements:

• Battery charge controller.
• Wiring.
• Circuit breakers.
• A set of connectors.
• Automatic protection devices.
• Inverter.

Depending on the particular system, this kit can be supplemented with other components. Or, on the contrary, to exclude the inverter - but in this case the functionality of the system will be greatly reduced. It should also be noted that this composition is one of the most affordable - of course, if you are considering a solar battery for a summer residence. The kit for uninterrupted supply of the house, in comparison, has similar components, which at the same time have higher performance characteristics, which significantly increases their cost.

Designing of solar power supply

When the approximate requirements for the lighting system are determined, you can design the entire complex. To begin with, the power limits that will be required for lighting equipment are calculated. These data are needed to determine which solar cell in the country is better able to cope with the generation of sufficient electricity. At the same stage, a component composition is formed, including a photoelectric network inverter. Next, a circuit diagram of the modules is compiled. After this, you can proceed to the formation of a composition that includes additional devices and equipment. These can be automatic machines, cables, electrical devices necessary to maintain the complex in a particular country. It is very important in the system to provide and a counter that will analyze the consumption and, possibly, make adjustments to the operating modes of equipment.

Technology of wireframe erection of photocells

Traditionally, the installation of photovoltaic modules is carried out on the roof. Modern models also allow mounting on special supports and even on the ground. If the dacha does not allow the installation of elements on its roof, then you can use alternative sites or use the roof of a nearby building. In such cases, the solar battery at the dacha is installed on the basis of the frame structure. This is a system that includes slats with grooved surfaces and special clamps. The merits of this principle of fastening include strength and total elimination of the risk of sliding elements on the roof. At the same time, the shape of the carrying rails is developed with the possibility of uniform load distribution on the modules.

Installation process

Installation is carried out in several stages. The first to install the supporting elements and staples, which will hold the main structure. Further on the fixing parts are mounted rails. In the future, modules will be attached to them. With the help of frame systems it is possible to install from 3 to 9 photoelectric components. Their specific amount depends on how much power the solar battery consumes at the dacha to supply lighting devices. Often, non-standard configurations with one or two modules are also used. In this case it is worth to purchase installation kits from the aluminum profile with a set of fastening accessories.

Reviews of solar batteries for lighting

Technology of energy supply at the expense of sunlight is still little known to the Russian consumer, but adherents of ecological houses start to master them from dachas. As a rule, a solar-powered lamp for a dacha becomes a kind of experiment, according to which an opinion is made about the effectiveness of this technology. And the reviews are generally positive. It is noted that energy does not have to be paid for, as it is taken, roughly speaking, from nowhere. And yet this applies to single stand-alone devices. If we talk about the supply of lighting systems, sometimes working on dozens of devices, then there is a significant reason for criticism. The cost of buying and installing modules that can service such systems can amount to tens of thousands of rubles.

Conclusion

The very idea of energy-saving technologies in the form of using natural energy seems very attractive. In the market, a solar battery for a house, villa or other objects is presented in different versions, which allows you to choose the best option for each case. But the most important thing is the potential of the equipment from the point of view of economy. Many novice users of such technological solutions are ready to accept the cost of purchasing equipment, hoping that in the future they will pay off. In this sense, the lighting system of the dacha should be regarded as one of the directions of economically beneficial use of solar batteries.