Savva Morozov: biography short, personal life, photo, family, children. Mistress Savva Timofeevich Morozov

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the richest merchants in Moscow numbered about twenty-twenty-five families: seven of them under the name Morozov. The most famous of all metropolitan merchants was Savva Morozov, whose biography is not drawn to us by a rich man-tyrant, a spiritless nouveauxuress, but by an enlightened person striving for spirituality.

Money

No one knows for sure the exact size of this family's capital. Manufactory partnership, where Savva Morozov, whose biography we now have under the magnifying glass, was not even the owner, stood in the top three most profitable cases in the country. He was the director. The salary was not just big, it was huge. Savva Timofeevich Morozov received two hundred and fifty thousand rubles a year. Biography began with a strong blow to fate. The Minister of Finance in the same years was paid exactly ten times less, but in this amount the king added a lot from his pocket so that Witte would not be offended.

The founders of the case of the Morozovs - Savva's grandfathers and father - did not have a small part of that remarkable European education that Savva received. They had no other interests than production, and they had no idea about artistic tastes. They did not share it with anyone. Rather, on the contrary, the nobles were meringues. But the production was raised to envy. But the biography of Savva Morozov turned out different. He knew how to earn money (and he did), and social issues did not worry him at all.

Grandfather Savva

Savva Vasilyevich was born serf in the Vladimir province. A very long and difficult road was ahead of him to the largest textile magnate. The peasant was with a business-like grin: he got an almost useless machine, laced his lace and ribbons with his own hands, alone, and then went to Moscow on foot for a hundred miles from time to time to sell his goods to buyers. Gradually, the production expanded, went over to cloth and cotton.

I did not get acquainted with the artists, I did not study to read, but I saved money. He was accompanied by a happy fate, even when the army of Napoleon ruined half of Russia and burned Moscow. The factories burned down, the customs gave good, and the cotton industry of Russia began its formation. Nobles Ryumin gave Savva Vasilievich a free one for seventeen thousand rubles (if you buy a manor for this money, it will not be so small, it's huge, unthinkable for those times money). And very quickly, Sawa's grandfather became a merchant of the first guild.

Rogozhskoe Cemetery

The elder Morozov, even in his deepest old age, did a great job, from which he did not depart for a single day. He never learned a single letter, he could not read. However, this did not stop him from acquiring the largest in the country Nicholas Manufactory. He thought of descendants: from the first step he cared for the last.

Where now in Moscow Highway enthusiasts (formerly the Vladimir tract), in the nineteenth century a settlement of Old Believers was formed. Savva Morozov, the elder, also all his life adhered to the old faith and believed earnestly, in a peasant way. Therefore, at the Old Believers' Rogozhskoe cemetery, he bought a place for himself and his descendants.

The Old Believers were rarely poor people, but the rich - often. Rogozhsky Old Believers especially, among them there were many manufacturers and merchants. Money for the temples, and there were two of them at the cemetery, they did not regret: on church books, on old icons of Stroganov's and Rublev's letters, on the sacristy. And the candles before the icons were not simple, they were up to twelve kilograms in weight. Savva Vasilyevich bought a place in this cemetery, where four generations of merchants Morozovs now rest. That's how the senior Savva Morozov was so motivated. The biography is short, but very instructive.

Father Timothy

Savvy's son was especially pleased with his parent. After the forties of the nineteenth century, admitted to the affairs of the manufactory, he made a lot of useful production. The heir is a swift, clever, clever, like Odysseus, Timothy Savvich has taken over the entire cycle of factory work. He bought land in Central Asia along with cotton fields and ceased to depend on imports, modernized equipment, learned his own specialists in the Technical Imperial College, and drove expensive Englishmen into the neck.

The capital of his father multiplied, for which he gained great prestige in the business circles of the highest level. State manufactory-adviser, a vowel in the Moscow City Duma, chairman in the exchange committee and in the Merchant Bank. Moreover, a member of the board of the Kursk railway. Universities did not finish any, but already knew the letter. The bloodsucker turned out to be no worse than his grandfather: the work was infernal at the manufactories, the workers were punished with fines, the salary was paid rarely and not completely. For all this, Timofei Savvich submitted a bad example to his son: he donated not only to churches, but also to universities, and he gave many publishing houses.

Strike

Morozov the average loved the authoritarian style of management. The manufactory was for him and subordinates of the specific principality, even with his police. In the office, it was not allowed to sit with anyone other than the host, no matter how long the meetings and reports took. In the new year 1885, just at Christmas, workers' manufactories rose up, arranged a strike, called in the textbooks the "Morozov strike" and the first organized action by the workers.

Two weeks of production stood. Timofei Morozov was beside himself with indignation. The excitement of the people was suppressed, the instigators were tried in a crowded hall with an extremely tense atmosphere. The public was indignant not with the defendants, it was coming out with righteous anger over the manufacturers' dishonesty. And Timofei Morozov was summoned to this court by a witness.

Shame

Biography Savva Timofeevich Morozov began just then. He remembered with horror and terrible shame until the end of his life, as his father came out to the witness site, shouting: "Bloodsucker! Monster!", As they looked at their father with binoculars, as they pointed at him with their fingers. And Timothy Savich, probably, for the first time in his life was confused.

Fidgeting, stumbled on the smooth parquet floor and hit the back of the head on the floor right in front of the dock. The noise in the hall was such that the meeting was interrupted. A month later, only Timothy Savich rose from his bed, already sick for ever, worn out, sharply aged and wicked. I did not want to hear about the factory any more: sell, put money in the bank and forget about all this as soon as possible. Mother Sawa Timofeevich did not give, the manufactory has overwritten everything on itself, the son made the director.

Maria Feodorovna

Savva Morozov, a biography short can not convey all the blows of fate, was brought up in religious asceticism and, perhaps, excessive severity. How else could a freethinker be born in the future capitalist? In the Three-Svyativsky lane there was the Morozovs' house with a greenhouse, a garden, flower gardens, a chapel for the family, where every day the Old Believer priests coming from the Rogozhsky community served. And all the huge one, out of twenty bedrooms, not illuminated by electricity, was held firmly by one woman in a fist.

The mother of a secular and very free person, such as Savva Morozov later became, his personal biography is such that it would make the mother faint, if she knew about it in advance, sometimes she was a perfect tyrant and pious to the last degree. Always surrounded by prizhivalkami, she did not have to save anything, but she was a freak. Children even had no underwear. There were no newspapers, magazines and books of secular content in the house, she was never in the theater, music did not sound in the house, because all this was based on old-world concepts. She did not use the bath either, but she liked cologne.

Education

Despite all this, the changes of the Old Believer life were violated to the ground. All eight children of the Morozovs had tutors and governesses with secular manners, with music and foreign languages. True, for any failure of the children, they unmercifully tore rods on the good old Domostroev traditions. Here everything was chosen by such a determined person as Savva Morozov. Biography, personal life, his future became clearer to him day by day. Initially, the boy was not obedient: he started smoking and moving away from God in the gymnasium.

At Moscow University, he was interested in studying physics and mathematics, philosophy and history (lectures of Klyuchevsky), so he continued his studies in England, Cambridge. He wrote a thesis and studied the textile business. And after the Morozov strike, he returned home and took over the management of production at the age of twenty-five. The capitalist turned out to be just wonderful. From England equipment was written out, Savva canceled fines, raised salaries, built dormitories for workers. Timofey Savich called his son a socialist and was afraid that he would break his neck with such an approach to the factory business.

Scandalous successes

The Morozovs' partnership nonetheless flourished. Nikolskaya Manufactory was already in third place in the whole country in terms of profitability of production. Morozov's fabrics were in greater demand than the British, even abroad, even in China and Persia. Although Savva Morozov could not manage everything individually, photos and biographies suggest that after all, he disposed of everything, he put his mother in the back - the owner of the manufactory - in popularity, but most of the time he did not. Not a factory one surprised my mother son.

On the love front Savva also confidently won. With such a scandal, the old Morozovs never came across. He fell in love with a married woman, and even the wife of his relative. Divorce in Russia has always been a nonsense, and Old Believers could not tolerate such a thing, for them it was monstrous and unacceptable. However, such was the biography of a man as persistent as Savva Morozov. The family was shamed, and the wedding took place.

Zinaida Grigoryevna

Morozov chose a woman by the type of her mother: imperious, arrogant, vain, and not ambitious and very intelligent. She loved luxury, and her husband indulged her. On the street Spiridonovka in house number five, built specifically for a young wife, they settled. Now there does not hesitate to conduct receptions to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia, by the way. And then Zinaida Grigorievna arranged receptions. Her, though hereditary, but still a merchant, visited the faces of the imperial family and the most prominent people of the state. Although, in general, a tall lady she never did. Savva Timofeevich Morozov, whose biography was based on merchant's capitals, did not always understand the aspirations of his wife, but indulged all her undertakings.

The decoration of the house looked like an expensive china shop. Only the cabinet and bedroom of Sawa looked like a bachelor's refuge, except for the bust of Ivan the Terrible from the workshop of Antokolsky, there was not a single decoration there. But my wife frolicked. For example, accepting the imperial family at the Nizhny Novgorod fair, he received the remark that the train of his wife's dress is much longer than that of the queen, and this is a very big mistake with regard to tact and modesty. But by that time, Sawa did not care what his wife does. This marriage was not even saved by the children of Savva Morozov. The biography here does not put an end, because the most interesting of the famous manufactory is yet to come. And his wife, incidentally, became, finally, a noblewoman after the death of Sawa.

The Moscow Art Theater

Morozov strictly considered each ruble, but he never regretted money for good deeds: publishing books, newspapers, helping the Red Cross, and much more. But the main thing for which he will be remembered for a long time with gratitude is the construction and arrangement of the Moscow Art Theater, where he spent more than three hundred thousand rubles just for building Savva - a huge fortune.

He formulated the main principles of theatrical activity: accessibility, acceptable prices for tickets, the repertoire is only interesting to society. And then appeared on the path namesake mother Sawa - Maria Fedorovna Andreeva. Yes, that same revolutionary, Lenin saw, was in a civil marriage with Gorky. Actress MKATA and the most beautiful of all the actresses of the Russian scene. The novel was stormy.

Bolshevichka

Andreeva was earning money for the Bolsheviks. Subsequently, the secret police will calculate that she managed to transfer the RSDLP several million rubles. This is not even a state, but the budget of a small country. Lenin called Maria Feodorovna comrade a phenomenon. The largest Russian capitalist, Savva Morozov, whose biography is wholly and entirely connected with the oppression of the people, contained a party of Communists, antagonists of capital.

It was for his money that Iskra was published, as well as the newspapers Borba and Novaya Zhizn, both Bolshevik. He personally carried the circulation of Iskra across the border, in addition to typographical fonts, he hid at home illegally arrived from abroad valuable comrades and even distributed forbidden literature in his own factory, with which he was once caught. The Governor-General, Grand Duke Sergey, the Tsar's uncle talked with Savva Morozov about this. And everything is not in use.

Philosophy

Morozov Savva Timofeevich, whose brief biography speaks of close ties with illegal immigrants, was not a revolutionary. The Old Believer way of life in it was killed by European education. Slavophilism and even populism seemed somewhat primitive. And then this magnificent Mashenka with communist theories and a smart thick book called "Capital." Maxim Gorky, who became his closest friend, is the smartest, most talented.

The deal with Savva Morozov ended badly. Learning about the passion that arose between his best friend: a poor writer and his beloved woman, a slightly less impoverished actress - the manufacturer was simply killed. But he cared about Maria Feodorovna, who had already moved to Alexey Maksimovich, gave money to her, Gorky, and the Social Democrats. Bequeathed Andreeva insurance policy for one hundred thousand rubles to the bearer. I gave it to him and went to Cannes to shoot myself there. The whole story took place according to the laws of our Russian literature, so the biography of Savva Timofeevich Morozov ended.