Russian classicism as a style of architecture

Russian classicism, which is a style of architecture that became widespread in Russia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, combined in one work elements of different styles, preserving the dynamics and the plastics of Rococo and Baroque. Later, classical apartment houses and palaces-estates began to appear, which later became examples of the construction of various country estates and buildings of Russian cities.

The following architects of classicism are known: Starov IE, Kazakov MF, Blank KI, Bazhenov VI, Kokorinov AF, Rinaldi A. and others. Their creations are one of the important chapters of the history of Russian architecture and a living artistic heritage that continues to exist as museum values, as well as elements of modern cities.

Before the buildings were supposed to be built, Russian classicism assumed the creation of so-called analogs of design drawings, which made it possible to master this style exactly according to the blueprints. Engravings copied and sent to Russian cities. So, on them all the buildings were distinguished by the clarity of the compositional technique, the fine drawing of the details, the harmony of proportions and the conciseness of the volumes. The premises were combined into functional groups, the side wings connected the passages, which formed the front yard. The construction used red brick, as well as white stone; Erected columns with entablature, erected smooth walls with cut openings, facades with a large relief, pointed arches, portals of entrances and stuff.

Thus, Russian classicism had the following principles:

1. The building was built in the form of a parallelepiped, and it was supposed to have three floors.

2. The residential building should include a central building, connected to two wings by direct galleries.

3. The central building must be marked with a portico.

4. The boundaries of the facade are presented in the form of simple angles, the cavity was not decorated in any way, the windows were constructed rectangular, the openings in which were framed.

5. The only decoration of the building should be a portico of a huge warrant (for the entire height of the structure).

6. The columns are pushed away from the walls for passage.

We can say that Russian classicism has glimpses of Byzantine and Old Russian cultures, simultaneously with baroque. As an example, the following buildings can act: Pashkov's house, Tsarskoe Selo, Petrodvorets, Winter Palace, Moscow Senate and others.

Its architectural style reached its peak during the construction of St. Petersburg. Thus, A. Leblon developed a plan of the city, according to which he had an oval star structure. To date, the main compositional base of St. Petersburg is represented in the form of a trident.

Thus, the new architectural style that emerged in Russia and received on its territory spread in the eighteenth century, was used, first of all, for the construction of Russian cities. More details describe the origin of the style of G.V. Moskvicheva ("Russian Classicism." A manual for students of pedagogical institutes). The book tells about the great architects and their unique creations.