Reciprocating liquid pump: purpose and function

This kind of pump is one of the oldest. The mechanical displacement of the liquid medium can be called the simplest implementation of the pumping principle. Today, the designs of such units, of course, have a more complex device than the first representatives of the class. In the modern form, the piston liquid pump has a strong casing, a developed element base and assumes the availability of wide possibilities for communication. The latter aspect causes the distribution of equipment in various areas from domestic needs and up to industrial highly specialized industries.

Pump unit

The basis of the unit is a metal cylinder, in which the working processes with liquid take place. Physical manipulation is performed by the piston in which the valves are provided. Specialists also call such a plunger system - by the type of piston mechanisms used. In fact, the main function in such systems is the hydraulic press. The reciprocating liquid pump operates on the principle of reciprocating motion, although it differs from the classical hydraulic motors by the presence of a valve distribution system. The structure of the drive mechanism also includes a whole set of service parts and components. The parts of this design include the crank and connecting rod, which form the basis of the already strong working body.

Operating principle

In a simplified form, the function of such units resembles a conventional syringe or water intake column, in which the carrier is replaced by a valve. But, there are also features that a piston liquid pump has. The principle of operation in this case provides that the receiving pipeline will also have a closing valve. Thanks to such a device, the liquid can not flow back into the cylinder.

Despite the simple scheme of the working process, there is one significant drawback of such pumps. The fact is that reciprocating actions do not imply a uniform and smooth delivery of a carrier. The abrupt pace at which a piston liquid pump operates may cause difficulties for the subsequent servicing of the receiving communications. However, the use of several pistons helps minimize this defect.

Two-way models

The appearance of this variety of piston pumps is due to the desire of producers to eliminate the pulsation effect, which arises precisely because of the rhythm in which the piston pushes out portions of the liquid. In such pumps, rod and piston cavities have individual valve systems. This principle of distribution of water supply allows not only to eliminate pulsation, but also to increase productivity. True, one-way liquid piston pumps still have their advantages, which are expressed in a higher degree of reliability and durability. Another modification, which was to eliminate the rhythmic supply of fluid, is a pump, supplemented by a hydroaccumulator. At the time of peak pressure, such aggregates collect energy, and when it is lowered, they are given back. However, completely eliminate the ripple is not always obtained and the operating enterprises have to develop the fluid intake configurations already outside the pump design accordingly.

Purpose of pumps

Use such units in different areas. Its principle of operation does not involve working with large volumes of media, but it has many other useful qualities. Since during the displacement of each new "dose" by the piston a new liquid is taken in the conditions of a dry cylinder, the use of the structure justifies itself in the chemical industry. The special purpose of reciprocating liquid pumps allows work with aggressive media, explosive mixtures and some types of fuel. But this does not limit the use of piston units. They are also used in domestic needs, for supplying with clean water and irrigation. Again, such models are not calculated for large volumes of circulation, but are distinguished by reliability and delicate handling of the serviced fluid - in fact, this factor has caused widespread use of pumps in the food industry.

Advantages and disadvantages of construction

Among the advantages of such systems is the endurance of the structure. This is due not only to the use of high-strength materials for the manufacture of components, but also the very principle of work. In addition, the piston liquid pump has the ability to work with carriers that have high requirements for starting conditions. In particular, many experts note the benefits of "dry" suction, which can not be provided by any pump. As for the shortcomings, they are mainly related to low productivity. Of course, it is theoretically possible to expand the technical parameters of the unit, but this will lead to an increase in the operational requirements of the equipment. Moreover, many alternative designs can provide sufficient productivity at lower costs.

Conclusion

Pumps of this type occupy a separate place in the market, while satisfying both the demands of private users and the needs of large enterprises. In modern modifications, the piston liquid pump allows a wide range of tasks to be performed. Some of them may well implement other types of aggregates, but there are areas in which the hydraulic pumping principle can not be dispensed with. This applies to the aforementioned branches of the chemical and food industries. On the other hand, the demand for reciprocating pumps in everyday life is due to their simple design and undemanding content. And this is not to mention the high operational resource of this technology.