Pyrolysis boiler with own hands. Production of a pyrolysis boiler

The absence in the house of a furnace for coal or electricity can always be compensated with natural natural fuel - firewood. Moreover, this resource will be significantly cheaper in comparison with expensive natural gas. That's why many owners today refuse modern heating methods and are looking for alternative heat sources. In these cases, a structure such as a pyrolysis boiler can come to the rescue. It's quite possible to make such equipment with your own hands, but first you should consider in more detail what the device is and how it works.

General concept of pyrolysis

The principle of the pyrolysis boiler consists in the thermal decomposition of substances having a complex chemical composition, while not entering into connections with any other reagents. This means that the molecules of a particular element are split into lighter and elementary parts. It is this phenomenon that is called pyrolysis.

Such a scheme is widely applicable in those private homes where there is no fixed heating. It is worth noting that pure pyrolysis is characterized by the fact that the decomposition of fuel into the elements passes without access to oxygen in a special vessel, and then the resulting gases enter the storage tank and, if necessary, are used.

A great advantage of such plants is that you can add combustion materials right during the operation of the device. In addition, this equipment is able to function on any solid fuel and maintain the desired temperature for a fairly long period of time.

Pyrolysis boiler construction

In such devices, the furnace consists of two parts. The first is a loading chamber - here, with a small amount of oxygen, the fuel burns and pyrolyzes, and all the gases released in the process burn out already in the second part of the device, called the combustion chamber. There is already secondary air, and the heat removal is very small.

Pyrolysis boiler is also distinguished by the fact that the separation of its two parts is carried out with a grate covered with briquettes. Incoming air passes through the tree from top to bottom, and it is this property that distinguishes this equipment from other domestic heating appliances.

Such boilers have a high resistance to aerodynamics, which makes it necessary to have a forced draft, which is sometimes carried out with a special exhauster rather than a standard fan in such cases.

Principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler

As is known, pyrolysis combustion boilers operate according to the principle that wood decomposes under the influence of high temperature, eventually converting to coal (solid residue) and a volatile mixture.

Due to the process occurring in the loading chamber, the generation gas is released, which, passing through the boiler nozzle, reacts with the secondary air and burns. The temperature is 1200 ° C. The resulting volatile mixture crosses the convective part of the heat exchanger, giving away its basic energy, and then discharged through the chimney of the device.

Both internal chambers of this equipment are covered with a special liner, which prevents the penetration of fire. This makes it possible to increase the temperature inside the apparatus and create the most favorable and effective conditions for burning wood.

Advantages of a firewood boiler

Making a pyrolysis boiler by oneself, it is important to remember the main advantages of this equipment, which distinguish it from similar devices used for heating.

The large volume of the loading chamber and high efficiency make it possible to maintain the set temperature for a rather long period of time in comparison with traditional devices. There are models that are quite capable of working 24 hours with only one fuel tab.

Pyrolysis boilers practically do not need to be cleaned, since soot is not generated during combustion, and the volume of ash produced is minimal.

Combustion products in this equipment are less harmful to health if we compare this indicator with other devices, since the amount of substances on a carcinogenic basis in them is much less. The mixture obtained at the outlet, mostly consists of carbon dioxide and water vapor, which can hardly be dangerous for human health.

Another undeniable advantage that a pyrolysis boiler has for a home is the ability to regulate power in very large ranges (from 30 to 100%). In addition, such a device has the function of recycling waste without air pollution, which positively affects the environmental situation and the microclimate in the room.

Fuel used for pyrolysis combustion boilers

The optimal fuel used for such equipment is wood having a length of about 400-450 mm and a diameter of 100 to 250 mm. Together with solid logs, it is possible to burn sawdust, but such wastes should not occupy more than 30% of the volume of the loading chamber.

The right thing to do is to use that material whose moisture index does not exceed 40%. This will not only make the work of the device more efficient, but will also extend its operational life. Such protective measures can easily be explained: 1 kg of wood with a moisture content of 20% releases energy of 4 kW / h, and at a moisture content of 50%, only 2 kW / h can supply the same volume.

From this it follows that the heat and efficiency of combustion of fuel directly depend on the amount of water contained in it: the more it is, the worse the result will be. Therefore, just before loading the wood it is important to make sure that it is well dried and does not contain excess moisture.

Pyrolysis boiler designs

To understand the amount of material to be used for installation, it is advisable to refer to special schemes for the arrangement of such equipment. Various drawings of the pyrolysis boiler can always be found in specialists engaged in similar work.

So, the scheme of this device, as a rule, displays the location of the furnace, heat exchanger, and also the area where water will be fed.

It is very important to correctly connect all parts of the boiler in accordance with the drawing, so that the whole structure works properly and reliably. Do not forget that air is the coolant, which can heat up the space without extra costs. This fact allows to save a significant part of the financial resources spent for heating, especially in comparison with other constructions of similar purpose.

Tools for the manufacture of a pyrolysis boiler

For the independent creation of this equipment, it is required to have a certain set of auxiliary materials. In addition, it is necessary to collect a maximum of information about the work process, starting with the consumables and ending with the assembly. After that, it is required to calculate all parameters correctly, in order to determine the optimal type of combustion that is suitable for a particular room, since there can be two of them: either with a slot burner or on a grate. All the necessary materials for installation are always available in specialized construction shops, as today there are no problems with selection.

Thus, the manufacture of a pyrolysis boiler requires the following tools:

• Steel sheet 4 mm thick;
• An iron pipe with the same parameter;
• Set of electrodes;
• Round rod with a diameter of 20 mm;
• Several pipes of profile type;
• Devices that regulate temperature;
• A centrifugal sample fan ;
• A cord from asbestos;
• Fireclay bricks;
• Bolts and nuts serving as a fastening material.

Self-assemble pyrolysis boiler

The algorithm of actions for the independent manufacture of such equipment must necessarily be based on the drawing of a long-burning pyrolysis boiler. The process of assembling this device goes in several stages:

1. First of all, it is necessary to cut steel sheets and pipes, creating from them blanks for the boiler body, its furnace and cooler. In this case, it is important not to forget to treat the edges of the material with a grinding wheel and to identify areas for welding.
2. After this, prepare all the tools required to assemble the instrument.
3. Then you can begin the procedure for creating a shell. It takes place according to the following principle: the end wall is laid on the welding table, after which the side edges, the lid and the bottom, which are held by the spacers, are attached to it by means of spot seams.
4. Further, the process of installing the boiler furnace, which is inside the entire system, is presented in the form of horizontal shelves covered with a grate. Also, it is attached to the throat tube, which performs the function of removing olefins.
5. After this, it is necessary to begin assembling the filtration and gas cooling columns that go through the furnace body and protrude slightly beyond it. They are based on pipes installed in the holes in the body in advance.
6. Then it is necessary to make the device of the second chamber of the boiler, which must be connected to the cooling column. At the same stage, it is possible to install a second wall parallel to the hull, in order to adjust the heating. From the first it is separated by means of a partition.
7. The process of assembling the air exchanger and the chimney is continuing.
8. The last step is the installation of the last (front) wall of the shell, equipped with doors and ashtrays.

This way of how to make a pyrolysis boiler by one's own hands is the most tested and reliable, it is characterized by speed and relative simplicity of operation.

Is it possible to make a stove from a cylinder?

Often, the owners, not having at hand the necessary materials for assembly, are decided on the design of the boiler from improvised means. Particular attention is paid to the container for liquefied gas, which has a rounded shape and is suitable in size. In addition, the thickness of the walls of such a vessel corresponds to the required parameters.

Nevertheless, it is not recommended to make a pyrolysis boiler from a gas cylinder. This is primarily due to the fact that the body of such a device consists of a standard steel that does not tolerate heat and other chemical effects even at room temperature.

However, it is not necessary to completely abandon the cylinder, since it can play the role of a hot water storage tank in a small private house, in addition, due to its small size, heating will be carried out quickly, and its shape will allow to retain heat for a long time even with the simplest insulation. But if you decide to use such a cylinder, the drawings of the pyrolysis boiler will be completely superfluous - it is better to refuse installation then.

Necessary operating conditions

The operation of the pyrolysis boiler, like any other device operating under the influence of fire, is certainly associated with some risk. Therefore, it is important not only to properly equip the entire system, but also to take care of safety rules.

So, when manufacturing a pyrolysis boiler with your own hands, you need to take into account the following points:

• Installation must be carried out exclusively in non-residential premises;
• It is desirable that the base under the boiler be made of concrete or brick to avoid excessive heating of the coating;
• The device should be placed so that it is not closer than 30 cm from walls and objects in the room;
• Room with a boiler is important to ensure quality ventilation, so that the evaporation released in the process of work out.

In addition, it is important to remember one more thing: at the end of the installation of equipment it is extremely important to insulate its chimney with mineral wool so that resin and condensate do not accumulate from inside the pipe.

Alternative to pyrolysis boiler

Despite the clearly regulated way of making such a device, some owners have found ways of how to make it using other materials.

According to many, it is not wise to design a boiler with a power of less than 15 kW. But sometimes you do not want to create such massive samples, especially if the area of the room is small. It is for these purposes, and there is the option of creating a pyrolysis furnace, similar in its properties and external characteristics with the boiler. There is no need to worry about the functioning of such equipment, since the principle of burning fuel in it is similar.

To produce this sample, the following series of materials will be needed:

• Fireclay bricks;
• fan;
• Sheet steel thickness of approximately 4 mm;
• Brick made of ceramics;
• Doors used for blowing and combustion chambers;
• Cast iron grates;
• Thermostat lever type.

This furnace is an alternative to the standard pyrolysis combustion boiler and is completely suitable for installation in any room. If you want to save money, such a device will be indispensable and will give an opportunity to heat the whole building for a long time.