Pirandello Luigi, Italian writer: biography, creativity

Pirandello Luigi is a famous Italian playwright, novelist and novelist. In 1934 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature. However, this is only one of the reasons for acquaintance with his work. Pirandello Luigi created many interesting works, which are still very popular.

Origins, childhood and university education

The future writer was born in Jirgenia (Sicily) in a large family. Luigi was the second of six children. His father was a successful businessman-he owned a sulfur mine. Literary talent Luigi manifested very early, in school years. While still a teenager, he wrote poetry, and also composed the tragedy "The Barbarian", unfortunately, not preserved.

Pirandello tried for some time to continue the family business, but this occupation was not very successful. Luigi entered the University of Rome in 1887. But a year later he transferred to the University of Bonn, because the level of teaching did not satisfy him. Here Luigi studied philosophy and literature. In 1891, the writer graduated. His thesis was dedicated to Sicilian dialects.

Return to Rome

The first poetic collection Pirandello appeared in 1889 ("Joyful pain"). In this book, the influence of Josue Carducci is noticeable. After completing his studies, Pirandello decided to stay in Bonn. During the year he lectured at this school.

The writer returned to Rome in 1893. With the financial support of his father, he began to seriously engage in literature. The first novel Pirandello, "Rejected," appeared in 1901. In 1894, the first collection of short stories was published entitled "Love without Love", created in the traditions of verism. The same year Pirandello married. His chosen daughter was the daughter of his father's companion, Antoinette Portulato. From marriage with this woman, Luigi had two sons and a daughter.

Teaching, first play

Pirandello started working in the Pedagogical College in Rome in 1898, where he was appointed professor of Italian literature. In this school, Luigi taught until 1922. In 1898 his first play appeared, a small one-act drama "Epilogue". This work was staged in the theater only 12 years later, in 1910, under a different name ("Bite").

Two important events in his personal life

As a result of the flood that occurred in 1903, the Luigi's mine was destroyed. Teaching and literature have now become for Pirandello the only means of earning. Wife writer in 1904 suffered a severe nervous breakdown. The next 15 years she was tormented by the persecution mania. The woman arranged for Pirandello tantrums out of jealousy. In 1919, the writer had to place his wife in a psychiatric clinic.

Works of the 1900s

Luigi continued to write and publish his works, despite financial and family troubles. Pirandello's third novel, "The Late Mattia Pascal," was rated very highly. In this work, created in 1904, the theme of face and mask is presented. Aesthetic and theoretical views on the art Pirandello set out in two works created in 1908: in "Science and Art" (a collection of articles) and in the article "Humor", which reveals a difficult tragicomic view of the world of this author.

Plays of 1915-21

Until 1915, Pirandello wrote mostly novels and novels, and after 1915 he devoted his whole life to dramaturgy. This year, the production of the first three-act play Pirandello "If it's not so ...". Dramaturgy enabled the writer to live comfortably, and also leave some teaching activity after a while. In the period from 1915 to 1921 Luigi created 16 plays, each of which was staged. A play called "It is so (if it seems to you)" had a special success with viewers and critics. It was staged in 1917.

However, the international recognition of the playwright was brought by another work, which was written in 1921. It's about the play Pirandello "Six characters in search of the author." Since 1922, she has been on the stages of New York and London (translation from Italian) with great success. Nevertheless, the Roman premiere ended with a scandal, as the audience was offended by the opinion of the characters that good and truth are relative. According to most critics, the play "Henry IV" is the pinnacle of Pirandello's creativity. Her premiere also dates back to 1922. The above plays and to this day are very popular. They are put in many theaters of the world. The translation from Italian of these plays has been performed in many languages.

Features of creativity Pirandello

Luigi, in his mature works, focuses on the subject of impermanence of personality and the illusory nature of human experience. His characters are deprived of any constant values, characters and their features are blurred. Personality in the world Pirandello is relative. The writer believed that truth is what is happening now, at the moment. Luigi tore off the masks from his heroes, freed them from illusions, very meticulously studied their personality and intellect. Creativity Pirandello marked by great influence created by Alfred Binet's theory of the subconscious. Luigi became acquainted with the works of German idealist philosophers during the teaching activity in Bonn. In addition, the writer on his own experience was convinced of how unstable the human psyche is. After all, for 15 years Pirandello courted his mentally ill wife.

Pirandello - director, the creation of the theater

Luigi eventually became known not only as a playwright, but also as a director. He performed his own plays. The writer in 1923 joined the ranks of the fascist party. Mussolini supported his idea of creating the National Art Theater in Rome. His troupe in 1925-26. Made a tour of the states of Europe, as well as of South America (in 1927). Marta Abba, the leading actress of this theater, for a long time was for Luigi a source of inspiration. However, after a while, despite state subsidies, the theater began to experience significant financial difficulties. His troupe was dissolved in 1928.

Attitude to fascism

Some researchers believe that Pirandello Luigi behaved with the fascists as an opportunist, a conciliator. However, it should be said in defense of Luigi that many times he publicly declared his own apoliticalness. Several times Pirandello even criticized the ruling party. Because of this, after the closing of the theater, he had difficulties with staging his plays in Italy.

last years of life

Pirandello Luigi some time lived in Berlin and Milan. He traveled a lot. The writer returned to his homeland in 1933, about which Mussolini personally asked him. Pirandello in 1934 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Luigi died on December 10, 1936 in Rome. The funeral, according to the last will of the writer, was done without a public ceremony. In Sicily, in the home of Liudzhi Pirandello, his ashes were betrayed to the earth.

The popularity of Pirandello

Today in the whole world not only Luigi's plays are popular, but also his novels, novels and stories. One of the most famous novels, which created Luigi Pirandello, - "Turtle".

And in this country the work of this writer is rather popular. In one of the recent programs "What? Where? When?" Even there was a question related to Luigi Pirandello. "Who destroyed humanity, in the opinion of the hero of his work?" - so this question sounded. The correct answer to it is Copernicus. After all, thanks to him, humanity learned about its insignificance in the universe. It was Copernicus who taught that the sun does not revolve around the Earth, but vice versa.

Of course, it is worth getting acquainted with the works that created Luigi Pirandello. Stories, novels, novels and plays are marked by high artistic value.