Nutrition and regime of the river

Mode means order, control. This term is used to denote order in many spheres of human activity, as well as in the surrounding nature. One example of this is the regime of the river. But if in the life of a person adheres to a certain routine, then in the regime of the river, he more often takes an observant position - ascertains the fluctuations taking place in the life of the river, and only in some cases can interfere with the regime of the watercourse in order to change it.

Any object of the outside world can be described by giving it a characterization. Including characteristics of surface water bodies - oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, marshes. This is the hydrological characteristic. It necessarily includes the hydrological regime of the river - a set of characteristic features that change the state of the river in time.

The hydrological regime is manifested in the diurnal, seasonal and long-term fluctuations in the water level and water content (together this constitutes the water regime), ice phenomena, water temperatures, the number of suspended streams, water hydrochemistry, river bed changes, current velocities, disturbances and other phenomena and processes, Occurring continuously in the life of the river. All these elements and other elements of the hydrological regime together determine the regime of the river.

Depending on whether there is a hydraulic structure on the river that can influence the hydrological regime, the rivers have a regulated regime or natural (household) regime. Of all the elements of the river regime, river discharge is of great practical importance. Its magnitude determines the watercut of the territory, hydropower territorial reserves, and the size of the waterways of communication in the given territory.

The river regime depends on many factors: climate, terrestrial relief, water supply and others. The main factor is water supply. The river feeds are obtained from precipitation during the water cycle in nature. Waters supplying food to rivers are divided into glacial, snow, rain and underground. The same terms are used to determine the types of feeding of rivers. In some cases, it is difficult to clearly define the primacy of a single source of the river's feed (river feed type) and then use the term "mixed type of food".

The phases (periods) of the water regime are divided by characteristic features into high water, low water and high water. Flood occurs annually in a certain season of the year, marked by a long rise in the level with high marks and the highest water content in comparison with other phases. Mezhen is also seasonal in nature and has a low level and low water content; At this time the river is fed mainly by groundwater. Floods are characterized by rapid and short-term high levels with high water consumption; They occur as a result of rain, snowmelt.
Characteristics of the Nile River: the length of the river with its forming rivers in the river system of Rukakara-Kager-Nile is 6852 km - this is the second longest on the rivers of the Earth. The Nile flows from south to north to the Mediterranean. The river is turbulent in the upper and middle parts, in the lower part is slow; To the mouth of the Nile is divided into numerous branches and forms the greatest delta near the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the source of life in the desert Sahara. Almost the entire population of Egypt (97%) settled along its coast. The constant watercourse Nilu is provided with year-round equatorial rains (the catchment area of the Blue Nile) and rains in the southern regions (the catchment of the White Nile), and rains on the Abyssinian highlands washing off loose soils. The river stream carries suspensions, laying off the nutrient silt in the delta, in the fields of which the Egyptians harvest up to 3 times a year. To fight floods, when the river water level in the Cairo area increased by 8 m, which threatened the population with disaster, a famous Aswan dam was built. And now the regime of the Nile River in the lower reaches is regulated. But although the Nile is 3 times as long as the Volga, in its channel it carries a volume of water 2 times less.