Non-productive sphere: description, features

Modern man is a consumer not only of goods, but also of services. The development of the non-productive sphere is the most important indicator in the economy of any state.

What is the non-production sphere?

This term refers to all economic sectors that meet the intangible needs of people in society. Such needs include organization, redistribution and use of wealth, spiritual benefits, the development of various aspects of the individual, as well as health. The non-productive sphere corresponds to the social needs of society and each individual in it.

This includes the concept of "spiritual production". This term was introduced by Karl Marx, who understood under him the production of skills, skills, ideas, artistic images and values. Also to the non-productive sphere are the industries that are engaged in the production of services.

Difference of service from the goods

The person is an object of labor for the employees of the enterprise, which is engaged in the provision of services. A commodity is a certain object or thing endowed with certain properties. It was obtained as a result of work done in the past. The service has only useful properties, not attached to the material carrier, and is the result of labor in the present. The service sells the labor force of a company employee who provides it, it can not change its owner, unlike the goods. Services have no value. However, they have a price, which is determined by the cost of the worker's ability to work and the outlay of material resources.

The non-production sphere is based on the material base. Without material production, it could not exist. After all, services are eventually exchanged for goods. Employees involved in material production, provide maintenance and those who work in the service sector.

Branches of non-productive sphere

Sociologists distinguish 15 branches:

• Housing and communal services;
• Sales (commerce);
• public catering;
• Household services: home care, repair and manufacturing on orders of various groups of goods, personal hygiene;
• School and preschool education;
• medicine;
• Social services;
• Recreational services;
• Servicing cultural institutions;
• Information Support;
• Finance and insurance;
• Legal support of citizens;
• Services of legal and notarial offices;
• Communication;
• Transport support.

Often companies are engaged in providing several types of services in different industries.

The non-productive sphere, together with all its institutions and enterprises rendering material services, together represents a social infrastructure.

Also there are industries related to the service sector that deal with the maintenance of large social strata:

• Management of state organizations;
• Education secondary, primary, higher;
• the science;
• Bodies of state security;
• Public associations.

Relationship with productive labor

The non-production sphere does not create a new value. However, this does not mean that such work is useless for the society. Material production underlies social welfare. Non-productive branches are superstructure to material ones and can not exist without them.

The national income is not created by the non-productive sphere, as it is oriented towards the all-round spiritual development of a person, the state of his health, etc. Nevertheless, it can affect productivity, improve the qualification of personnel, that is, indirectly affects the national income of the state.

The situation in modern Russia

The non-productive sphere of the economy is a reflection of the needs of society and changes in their structure, depending on the standard of living of citizens. More than 30% of the population work in modern Russia in this area.

For non-productive sphere in our country is characterized by territorial differentiation in terms of its development level. Such differences are inherent in comparing both individual regions and federal districts. Territorial differentiation is one of the causes of internal migration. It arose in the 60s of the last century.

The centers of the non-productive sphere have a hierarchy:

1. Moscow.
2. Central cities of the subjects of the federation.
3. Rayon centers.
4. The centers of rural settlements.
5. Rural settlements.

Organizations involved in recreational and sanatorium-resort services have their own specifics of territorial distribution. They depend on the location of the natural and socio-economic base. Therefore, Russia has formed two major centers - the North Caucasus and the Black Sea.

The non-productive sphere is represented in the economy by industries that deal with the cultural and spiritual needs of man. It is closely connected with material production and strongly depends on it. In our country for the sectors of non-material production, territorial differentiation is characteristic.