NA Nekrasov's poem "To Whom in Russia Live Well": images, characteristics, brief retelling. Who is good at living in Russia?

At the beginning of 1866, the next issue of the journal Sovremennik was published in St. Petersburg, and it was opened by lines that are known to almost everyone today:

"In what year - count,

In what land - guess ... "

It was these words that were supposed to involve the reader in an amazing fairy-tale world, and it was with them that a brief retelling of "Who Lives Good to Live in Russia" begins in the magazine. Over time, many have learned that further will be an amazing bird-chiffchaff who knows how to talk to people, a tablecloth-samobranka and many other things that are etched in the memory of readers to this day. This is how the recount of "Who Lives to Live in Russia" begins in a relaxed manner, which tells us about the adventures of seven men who decided to argue who is happily and freely living in their native land.

Basic information

The poem "To Whom in Russia Live Well" is the vertex creation of NA Nekrasov, and he long enough nurtured the idea to create this work, more than fourteen years was engaged in writing the text. Despite the fact that he never managed to complete this poem, it embodies an extremely deep social significance.

The work includes four chapters, which are united by a plot and narrate about how the peasants argued about happiness in Russia. At the same time, they tried to first consider only the options that characterize various nobles, but in the end they simply refused to meet with some categories of people, because in fact they (like the author) tried to find people's happiness.

The plot of the poem is kept in the form of travel, which allowed the author to use a wide variety of pictures in the process of describing different situations. Already in the prologue the writer shows us a subtle irony about the real Russian reality, expressing it in the corresponding names of the villages: Gorelov, Dyryavin, Razotov, Neelova and many others.

Beginning of work

Already the prologue shows the picture of a real peasant Russia, the main character of this work is represented here - an ordinary peasant who appears exactly as he should be: in shoes, bast shoes and armeniac, constantly hungry and suffering his grief.

After the Sovremennik magazine published a brief retelling of Who Lives to Live in Russia, it took three years, and only then the publication of this poem was resumed, but each individual part was subjected to extremely strict censorship by the tsarist regime, which believed that the given The work has an extremely ugly content. In particular, the last chapter, known by its many names as the "Feast for the Whole World", was criticized. Unfortunately, the author himself saw only a brief retelling of "Who is good to live in Russia", and he could not find the publication of all the remaining chapters, because without any distortions and abbreviations this poem was printed after the end of the October Revolution.

This poem in the work of Nekrasov is given a central place, and it represents his ideological and creative peak, the final outcome of the author's thoughts on the people's destiny, his happiness, and also the path leading to him. All these thoughts were the main for the poet throughout his life, and are constantly reflected in various creations. Orina, Soldier's Mother, The Railroad, Frost, Red Nose are all those important works through which the author came to the poem Who Lives Well in Russia. Peasant and peasant are the main characters of this creation, the problems of which are revealed in the most detail.

Writing process

For several years the poet gave work on this poem, calling it his "favorite child". In the end, he tried to make a real "folk book", calling it "Who in Russia should live well". The peasant woman or peasant of that time should have seen the real reflection of his life, and the descendants could understand how at that time most people felt themselves.

Nekrasov himself said that in the story he intended to state absolutely all his knowledge about the people, and everything that he heard from the lips of ordinary people. Thus, he created a real epic of peasant life, calling it "Who in Russia should live well". Matryona Timofeevna reflects in herself the image of a real Russian peasant woman, expressing her main character traits and principles of life.

Giant work Nekrasov was interrupted by the premature death of the author, as a result of which the work has reached us unfinished. However, even so, it retains an incredible artistic and ideological integrity.

Contributed Contribution

In his work, Nekrasov was able to revive the genre of folk epic. If it comes to genuinely folk works, which would be characterized by a large-scale epic depiction of the people's life, as well as their ideological sounding and staging of the fundamental questions of time, it comes to mind "Who in Russia should live well". Matryona Timofeevna and many other characters cut into memory and are distinguished by a unique, realistic character. The writer was able to widely use the traditions of oral folk art, as well as the proximity of his poetic language to everyday everyday speech forms and original song lyricism.

Also Nekrasov's poem has some features that are characteristic of critical realism. Instead of a particular hero, there is a common people's environment in general, and the life situation of completely different social circles is shown. The popular point of view on real things is expressed in the poem directly in the development of the topic, showing us that all of Rus and the events shown are displayed as a real perception of the wandering peasants, and are presented to the reader, as if in their own vision.

Content

In "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" the problem of people's life is revealed to the fullest. The events of this work unfold in the first years after the adoption of the reform in 1861 with the subsequent liberation of the peasants. The peasantry and the people themselves are a positive, genuine hero, and it was with him that the author linked his hopes for a bright future, although he understood perfectly well how weak the peasant protest could be due to the immaturity of the masses for the commission of any serious revolutionary actions.

In "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" the problem of the peasantry is expressed in the image of the peasant Saveliy, whose appearance resembles "the Holy Russian and the Serfing Bogatyr," embodying the invincible steadfastness and strength of the people. In Savely, the features of famous heroes of the folk epic are displayed. Nekrasov connects this image with the central theme of this poem - this is a search for a way to people's happiness, which describes "Who in Russia should live well". The analysis of the poem makes us pay special attention to Matryona Timofeevna, who talks about Savely's travelers: "The lucky one was also." The happiness of the main character lies in freedom and understanding of how important the people's struggle is, because only in this way one can really achieve a "free" life.

Other Images

It is these elements that make memorable among the many other poems namely "Who in Russia should live well". Analysis of the poem allows you to see a lot of memorable images of peasants, including the wise old Vlas, who has seen a lot in his lifetime, and Yakima Nagoya, who is a typical peasant. At the same time, it should be noted that Yakim Naga is portrayed by far not the standard slaughtered and dark peasant who emerged from the patriarchal village. Deeply aware of his dignity, he tries extremely hard to defend the people's honor by making ardent speeches in defense of the whole people.

Reading the "Who lives well in Russia" by chapters, you can see that a rather important role in the poem is given to the image of Ermil Girin, who is an incorruptible and pure "people's defender" who decided to stand up for the insurgent peasants who eventually ended up in prison.

Matryona Timofeevna

The beautiful female image of Matryona Timofeevna is revealed in "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" by chapters, where the poet tries to outline the characteristic features of a Russian peasant woman. Talking about the severe female share, Nekrasov wrote a large number of thrilling poems, but with such love and warmth, with which he described in the poem Matryushka, he had never written.

Minor characters

Together with the various peasant characters in this work, which evoke love and involve themselves in participation, Nekrasov also tries to outline some other types of peasants who act in the image and likeness of domestic workers - sycophants, submissive slaves, bar hangers and direct traitors. At the same time, it should be noted that the poet tried to depict these images in some satirical tones, and the more clearly the protest of the peasantry was evident, the more faith appeared in their liberation, and the more irreconcilably the author engaged in condemning slavish humiliation, servility and servility.

That's the way in "To Whom in Russia Live Well" the narrative theme describes "the exemplary servant" Jacob, who eventually understands how humiliating the position he occupies is. After that, he decides to resort to an absolutely helpless and pathetic, but at the same time terrible in his slavish consciousness of revenge - he decides to kill himself in front of his patron.

Also Ipat is represented here, which is represented in the poem as a "sensitive lackey," and informer Egorka Shutov, who received the title "spy from his own", playing a significant role in "Who lives well in Russia." After his death, the landlord left a will in which he ordered the release of eight thousand peasants, but the elder Gleb was tempted by the promises of the heir and ultimately decided to destroy the document.

Hidden Ideas

Showing the rudeness, superstition, ignorance and the huge remains of the Russian villages of that time, Nekrasov tried to emphasize as much as possible the temporary character of various aspects of peasant life, which historically constantly turned to extremes. The world, which was poetically recreated in this work, is a place of social contrasts and a huge number of clashes with acute life contradictions.

For example, in the "Who lives well in Russia" landlord Obolt-Obolduyev, who met wanderers and was presented as "round, puzatenky, blush and mustache", completely reveals the frivolity and emptiness of people who are not used to seriously reflect on their own lives. Hiding behind the mask of a good-natured man, showing only kind courtesy and ostentatious cordiality, the landowner is actually filled with anger and arrogance, and he barely manages to contain hatred and disgust for the peasants.

Also, the images "To Whom in Russia Live Well" satirically celebrate the landowner-tyrant Prince Duke, who received from the peasants the nickname of the Afterdog. A characteristic "nose with a beak like a hawk", a predatory look, voluptuousness and chronic alcoholism - all these are only additional elements of the disgusting appearance of a typical representative of the landowners' environment, filled with inveterate despots and serfs. Such images make this work so interesting and unique, in comparison with the others.

It seems that the content of "Who lives well in Russia" includes resolving the dispute between ordinary peasants who are trying to decide which of the above persons lives happier: the tsar, the minister, the priest, the merchant, the clerk or the landlord. However, in the course of developing the actions of this poem, Nekrasov gradually begins to move beyond the plot, which were set by the outset, and the peasants begin to look not only for representatives of the ruling classes. Studying the content "Who lives well in Russia", one can pay attention to the fact that the controversial people are beginning to search among ordinary people, trying to find someone who lives happily, and afterwards they say directly that they are trying to find popular happiness, the best peasant share - an unbroken volost, a pristine gubernia and an oasis village.

Description of actual problems

Beginning this narrative in a kind of jocular semi-sketchy tone, the author, over time, more and more deepens into the meaning of the question of happiness, as a result of which he is given a much sharper social sound. Most of all, the original intentions of the author in "Who lives well in Russia" peasants of those times could see in the "Feast for the whole world", but at that time it was banned by censorship. The story of Grisha Dobrosklonov, which began in this part, was to become the main one in the development of the theme of happiness and continuous struggle. In this chapter, the author is already directly talking about the path and the path that can eventually lead to the ideal embodiment of people's happiness. For Grisha, happiness lies in the conscious struggle for the happy future of its own people, and he wants "every peasant in holy Russia to live cheerfully and freely." That's how Nekrasov reveals in the "Who in Russia live well" problem of happiness, which he considered one of the most important in his life.

The image of Grisha completes a number of "people's defenders", whom the author portrayed in his poetry. Nekrasov tried to emphasize in this character his direct closeness to the people, the possibility of constant communication with peasants, because he really entered into full understanding with them and was able to find support. Thus, Grisha looks like an inspired dreamer-poet, who decided to take on the role of the co-founder of "good songs" for his people.

The work "To Whom in Russia to Live Well" is the highest model of folk style from the whole series of poetry of Nekrasov. The peculiar fairy-tale and folk-song elements of this poem make it possible to endow it with a peculiar national flavor and has a direct connection with Nekrasov's belief that the Russian people can have a great future. The main theme of this poem is the search for happiness, and it goes back to various folk songs, fairy tales and other folklore sources, in which much was said about the fact that peasants are looking for a happy land, wealth, truth, treasures and much more. This topic fully expressed the most cherished dream of the people, its continuous striving to achieve happiness, as well as the age-old dream of all peoples to achieve a just social order.

In this poem Nekrasov tried to use almost all the genre variety of folk-poetic creativity available to him in Russia, including epics, legends, fairy tales, proverbs, riddles, sayings and many different songs. Thus, using folk folklore, he received incredibly rich material in order to judge the peasant way of life and country customs.

The style of the poem is filled with a richness of emotional sounds, as well as a huge variety of poetic intonation, including a sly smile with a leisurely narrative in the prologue, which then in the scenes begins to be replaced more and more by the polyphony of the chaotic fair crowd, satirical ridicule in the "Afterdaddy", some lyrical excitement and deep Drama in "Peasant", as well as revolutionary pathetic and heroic tension in the chapter "Feast for the whole world."

With this work, Nekrasov was able to show how he subtly feels and how he loves the beauty of Russian nature in the northern latitudes. The use of the landscape here is found in order to create an emotional tone, and also to make the character of the character's soul reflect more fully and vividly in "To Whom in Russia Live Well".

Thanks to all this, this poem is given a special place in Russian poetry, because it completely reflects the fearless truth of the pictures of people's life, presenting it in an aura of poetic fairy-tale and the beauty of folk art, while the satire and the cry of protest merge with the heroic revolutionary struggle. All this NA Nekrasov tried to maximally express with artistic power, releasing his immortal work, known to many in our days.

That is why "It is recommended to read to everyone who lives well in Russia", since this book will help answer the questions that many people have to this day.