Modern disinfectants: types, classification, requirements, purpose

The danger of contracting an infection for a person is very high. Especially large is the risk of infection in the presence of an open wound, during surgery, and also it is not ruled out by airborne droplets. Therefore, a complex of measures that are aimed at the destruction of infectious agents is simply necessary. In the modern world, disinfectants should be in every medicine cabinet, and not just with doctors. Timely assistance and disinfection can reduce the spread of infection at times or at all eliminate dangerous infections. Further we will consider what modern disinfecting agents are used at present, their types, what requirements are imposed on them, and in what cases they are appointed.

What is disinfection and its methods ?

Timely disinfection can prevent and stop the development of many infections. So what does it represent? This is a series of activities that are conducted to destroy the causative agent of infection and destroy toxins on the objects of the external environment. Due to this, the number of microorganisms is reduced to an acceptable level, but it is possible that they are not completely destroyed.

Disinfection happens:

• Prophylactic . It includes hand washing, daily cleaning using detergents and cleaning agents. Preventive disinfection should be carried out daily.
• The current one . It is carried out in medical institutions. It is necessary at the patient's bed in order that the infection does not spread.
• The final . Mandatory after recovery, death, isolation or hospitalization of the patient in order to decontaminate the epidemiological focus from the pathogens that are left patient.

There are several methods of disinfection:

1. Mechanical . Removal of decking.
2. Physical . Processing with UV lamps, boiling laundry, utensils and so on.
3. Chemical. Application of disinfecting solutions.
4. Combined . Combination of several methods.
5. Biological . Means of biological origin are used.

Let us turn our attention to the chemical method of disinfection. Consider what modern disinfectants are used.

Disinfectants

Chemical and physical agents that are used to destroy the causative agents of infectious diseases of humans, animals and plants in the environment are disinfectants.

They may be:

• In solution.
• Suspensions.
• In the form of a powder of granules.
• In the form of tablets.

Modern disinfectants most often represent a balanced ratio of several active substances, which makes it possible to achieve maximum effect in relation to more stable microorganisms and active ingredients. They purposefully change their properties.

Disinfectants aim to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, and sterilization also destroys controversy.

Modern disinfectants used in medicine are distinguished by high bactericidal and safety for humans. Also, many of them can be used as a detergent regularly, due to their low toxicity.

A few words about the physical methods of disinfection. These include:

• Sunlight.
• Drying.
• Water vapor.
• Boiling.
• Firing and calcination. Burning.
• Ironing.
• Ultraviolet irradiation.

However, chemical disinfectants are used much more often because it is more affordable than high temperatures. Not every object to be disinfected can withstand such heating.

Types of disinfectants and their purpose

There are several types of disinfectants depending on what is the main active substance.

1. Funds based on chlorine. Wide antimicrobial spectrum of action. Causes corrosion of metal surfaces, discoloration of tissues.
2. Hydrogen peroxide, peracids. Do not have a smell, easily decompose. The most safe for the environment, low-toxic. Used for disinfection of corrosion-resistant metals, glass, plastics.
3. Based on aldehydes. Wide antimicrobial spectrum of action, including spores. Good penetrating ability, thus do not damage fabrics, do not cause corrosion of metal.
4. Preparations based on phenols. Such agents are able to create a residual film on disinfected surfaces.
5. Based on alcohol. The most popular skin antiseptics. Quickly evaporate, do not leave a trace. Alcohol-containing liquids are often used to disinfect the skin for injections.
6. Based on quaternary amines. It is used for disinfection of surfaces and equipment. Malotoxic, not effective against pathogenic strains.
7. Based on organic compounds. Used for disinfection of hemodialysis systems.
8. Means based on tertiary amines. Wide spectrum of antimicrobial action. Low-toxic and have good detergent properties.
9. Means based on guanidine. Low toxicity makes it possible to use them in the food industry. Leave the film, which is not easy to remove from the surface.
10. Combined disinfectants. Consist of several active substances.

Features of modern disinfectants

Time does not stand still, and modern disinfectants are improving. What are the features of the new generation of tools? Let us single out some of them:

• A wide range of action and activity against viruses, fungi, bacteria.
• Economical solutions. A thick consistency, in a diluted form, can be stored for a long time and used repeatedly.
• Easy to use and store.
• Have a low level of toxicity.
• Do not damage the surface and materials.
• Possess additional properties: deodorizing and washing.

Modern disinfectants have a number of disadvantages:

• Not all drugs are capable of destroying disputes.
• Weak efficacy against some viruses.
• Organic contamination can affect the effectiveness of the drug.

Requirements for modern disinfectants

There are a number of requirements for disinfectants that are currently used:

• They should dissolve well in water.
• To cause the death of bacteria in a short time.
• Do not lose your effectiveness in the presence of organic substances.
• Have a low toxicity or be non-toxic to humans and animals.
• Do not spoil the disinfected surface.
• Must not be flammable and explosive.
• Do not have a sharp odor.
• Should be easy to prepare and use.

Modern medical disinfectants

Currently, medicine uses a broad spectrum of disinfection drugs that are effective against bacteria, viruses, spores, pathogenic fungi. It is both detergent and disinfectant. Many of them can be used many times. Here are the names of some of them:

• "Septol" - can be used as des.sredstvo and as a sterilizing agent.
• "Premium" is environmentally safe, disinfects, also can be used as a detergent.
• "Bactol" - des. Detergent.
• Bactol forte is a highly concentrated complex preparation.
• "Kleenex" cutaneous antiseptic, the solution can be used for emergency disinfection of surfaces.
• "Des Tab" - very economical and versatile, is available in the form of tablets and granules with chlorine.
• Disinfectant "Nika " - has an additional detergent effect and is safe for human health. Can be used in children's institutions, in public catering establishments.

In a medical institution, you can use only those medical disinfectants that are authorized by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Department.

We disinfect hands

It is very important when providing medical care so that your hands are clean. To do this, use modern disinfectants for hand treatment. They can be in the form:

• Spray.
• Napkins.
• Soap.
• A solution.

They also can have a different basis, namely:

• Alcohol based.
• Based on organic acids.
• With surfactants.
• Based on oxygen and above acids.
• With the use of halogens and so on.

The peculiarity of such preparations is that they should not contain chlorine-containing compounds in their composition. There may be triclosan, lactic acid or chlorhexidine.

Do not use alcohol-containing liquids, if the hands are damaged skin. They dry the skin, but they do not last long. There are antiseptics that do not contain alcohol. We will name several preparations for the processing of hands, which won the trust: "Sterilium", "Eko Breeze", "Dettol", "Diamond Hands". The disinfectant "Nika" is an isoseptic, also suitable for the disinfection of hands.

Choose a tool you need based on the characteristics of the skin, as well as consider the conditions in which it will be used. For example, sprays can be used both in everyday life and in everyday life. You must consider the composition of the product. Gels and liquids are best used in everyday life or at work.

They moisturize the skin well and have a caring effect. In a handbag, such a remedy can be shed if the packaging is fragile. Disinfectant wipes are widely used in everyday life, as well as athletes. You can carry them with you, use them on trips.

However, it is worth remembering that frequent use of antibacterial agents can disrupt the water-fat balance of the skin. As often these funds destroy not only pathogenic bacteria and viruses, but also a useful microflora that is necessary to maintain natural protection.

How to make a disinfectant solution

Disinfecting solutions can be either in ready-made form or in the form of tablets, powders or highly concentrated solutions. And this means that you will have to prepare the remedy yourself. Therefore, before disinfection, instructions for the use of disinfectants should be studied.

When preparing a disinfectant solution, it is necessary to adhere to several rules:

• First of all, the materials used for disinfection must be allowed to use.
• The room should be separate, with good ventilation. You can not store personal items, food, eat, smoke here.
• Before starting the preparation of the solution, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the safety requirements.
• It is necessary to wear overalls and protective equipment. Gloves, if necessary, a mask, glasses.
• Follow the instructions of the preparation being prepared.
• Prepare a dry container marked, with a lid. Also water of the right temperature, dry measuring utensils, spatula.
• Measure the required amount of water, the required amount of disinfectant and connect the components. Thoroughly mix the resulting solution and close tightly with a lid.
• The time and date of solution preparation must be indicated on the container. In the medical institution or in the company, indicate the person in charge.
• If the solution is prepared for single use, it is poured out after use. If it is intended for repeated use, then after use it is closed and stored, observing the conditions. When forming flakes, sediment or appearance of uncharacteristic coloring, the product should not be stored.

Before preparing the solution and disinfection, first of all, it is necessary to carefully remove the dirt from the surface, and then start its preparation. The disinfectant solution can not destroy microbes that multiply in pieces of dirt.

After the end of the disinfection, the objects must be rinsed or rinsed with clean, running water until the smell disappears completely.

When preparing a disinfectant solution, you can not:

• Mix the new solution with the old one.
• Use dirty water.
• Add detergent to the disinfectant solution. This does not apply to hydrogen peroxide.
• It is inadmissible to mix two different means.
• Do not store tools and cleaning objects in the prepared solution.

Disinfectant for all times

Not everyone can afford to buy modern disinfectants, which are not cheap. However, you can disinfect without using expensive drugs. Each house has soda and laundry soap. And as you know, soap-soda solution was used by our grandmothers as well.

For its preparation:

• Household soap (72%) three on a grater.
• 2 liters of water put on the fire and add soap, stir until completely dissolved.
• Then add 5 tablespoons of soda ash.
• After boiling, you must reduce the heat and simmer for another 10 minutes.
• Leave to cool for the night until thick.

This tool can be used every day for cleaning and disinfection.

The soap-soda solution can be made less concentrated. To do this, use more fluid. So, to obtain 1% solution, take a concentrated solution of 100 grams and dilute it with 10 liters of water. For a greater concentration dilute 5 liters of water. Here is such a simple cooking. The disinfectant solution is prepared immediately before use.

The peculiarity of such a solution is that it can be used not only for the disinfection of objects, but also for cosmetic procedures. And it is also allowed to wipe food with a sheath. But after this, rinse the products under running water.

Classes of danger of disinfectants

When working with disinfectants it is necessary to take into account their hazard class.

• First class products are extremely toxic. Do not use in medical and preventive institutions. Applied only in extreme situations, in special suits and gas masks. Do not use indoors.
• Second class means. Highly dangerous. Applied in the absence of people. Individual protective equipment is used. Do not use in children's institutions, food, or health care organizations. After use, ventilation and cleaning are necessary.
• Means of the 3rd class. Moderately dangerous. Can be used without protective equipment, but in the absence of people. Be sure to observe the conditions of use of drugs. And also the subsequent airing and cleaning is important.
• 4th grade. Low-risk. You can use it without restriction.

First Aid

Detergents and disinfectants should always be used with extreme caution, as they may cause burns if they get into the mucous membrane and the skin. When inhaling vapors of disinfectants, poisoning is possible. How to provide first aid in this situation?

1. If a highly concentrated drug is on unprotected skin, it is necessary to rinse this area with plenty of water. If you get formaldehyde, it is recommended to treat the skin with a 5% solution of ammonia.
2. In case of possible poisoning in pairs, if the respiratory tract irritates, the affected person should be taken to fresh air. Then rinse the mouth and nasopharynx with water. If poisoning with formaldehyde vapor, it is recommended to inhale vapors with the addition of a few drops of ammonia. Also, warm milk with soda or Borjomi will help. Then follow the emerging symptoms. You may need to use antitussive, cardiac or sedatives. In severe cases, immediate hospitalization is necessary.
3. If the product gets into the eyes, rinse immediately under running water or 2% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution for several minutes. You can also dig in the "Albucid" to remove irritation. With pain, drop "Novokain" (1-2% solution).
4. If the drug has entered the gastrointestinal tract, make a gastric lavage with a 2% solution of sodium thiosulfate. When poisoning with formaldehyde, washing is done with the addition of ammonia in the water or 3% of sodium acetate. Further from the products milk, raw eggs and protein water are recommended.

In order not to resort to first aid, the instruction on the use of disinfectants should be studied before work, and it is also important to observe safety techniques when preparing solutions and using them.

The modern arsenal of disinfectants is so great that the eyes scatter when choosing beautiful bottles and jars. But you always have to be guided by the result you need to get. Sometimes the use of affordable household soap can replace expensive means.