Methods and types of disinfection in medicine

The social environment is constantly exposed to viruses and infections. In order to eliminate and prevent them, regular disinfection of public places should be carried out. Consider the main types of disinfection in medicine.

What is disinfection?

Disinfection is a series of planned actions for fighting infections, toxicity, harmful microorganisms. This is a certain type of restoration of sterility, antimicrobial measures. In all cases of disinfection, a composition of chemical reagents containing sodium hypochlorite, organics, formaldehyde is used.

Name of solutions for disinfection

• A solution of chlorhexidine.
• Ammonium compounds.
• A solution of peracetic acid.
• Guanidines.
• Polyguanidines.

In the process of disinfection, the bulk of harmful bacteria are destroyed. But there is a possibility that 100% of its removal will not be achieved, but you can reduce their number to an acceptable level.

Types of disinfection in medicine

Current measures of disinfection - are carried out during the bed rest of the patient in the medical wards, with the isolation of patients. The main task of such measures is to eliminate the causative agent of infection, to prevent the further spread of bacteria during the patient's existence, and sterilization of the room.

The main recommendations for such disinfection are the treatment of infectious diseases at home, the maintenance of the patient in the area of spread of the infection, before being placed in a medical hospital. What other types of disinfection exist in medicine?

Prophylactic disinfection measures are performed regularly, regardless of epidemiology. For example, the constant washing of certain parts of the body, treatment of household items with special solutions with antibacterial effect helps to significantly reduce the risk of infection. For the same purpose, such preventive measures are carried out in the places where the infection is likely to spread - schools, kindergartens, hospitals and polyclinics, public transport, public catering, etc.

The final disinfection measures are performed after isolating the patient for hospitalization, as well as complete cure or death during the treatment. In other words, after eliminating the focus of the infection, in order to avoid its further spread in residual form.

Specialized centers and departments of disinfection and sterilization of Rospotrebnadzor bodies are engaged in carrying out such disinfection activities.

It is necessary to consider in more detail the types of disinfection in medicine with examples.

Mechanical methods

• Cleaning with water.
• Use of a vacuum cleaner.
• Staining of walls.
• Washing hands.
• Elimination of the top layer of the coating, susceptible to infection.
• Shaking things out, wardrobe items, towels and linen.

Here such there are mechanical kinds of disinfection in medicine.

Physical Methods

• Use of ultraviolet lamps.
• Processing with boiling water, boiling laundry and objects of dishes.
• By increasing the temperature to one at which the infection does not survive.

Combined methods

With it, the first two methods are combined. For example, spend disinfecting wet cleaning, after which the entire surface is treated with ultraviolet rays.

Biological methods

They are mainly used to eliminate foci of infection in drains, to eliminate environmental pollution. It is carried out by specialized biostations. These kinds of disinfection in medicine RB are available.

Methods of disinfecting

• Spray treatment of the solution.
• Surface irrigation with a solution of surfaces, surface treatment with a rag or sponge soaked in a solution.
• Soak objects for disinfection in a special solution.

Who carries out disinfection?

If it is a question of disinfection at home, then it is carried out by the patient himself or by the people around him. In medical institutions, kindergartens and schools and in other organizations, it is provided by specialized staff to maintain the premises (cleaners, nurses, etc.). It should be noted that in the surgery rooms and other rooms where only strictly defined medical staff can be located, all types of disinfection in medicine are carried out by them themselves.

Disinfection in everyday life

Basically, with disinfection, a person encounters the treatment of skin lesions of parts of the body, after carrying out medical procedures, getting injuries, etc. To do this, moisten with a cotton swab in alcohol and treat the damaged surface. The second most common method of home disinfection is the treatment of wounds and abrasions with a solution of hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, miramistin, from the pharmacy bottle irrigate the affected area.

For the treatment of wounds, as a disinfection, iodine solution with alcohol content and pharmacy zelenka is used. When treating dental wounds - damage to the gums, mouth mucosa - use medical blue. In everyday life, wounds and cuts are treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. In medicine, solutions containing silver are used as a disinfectant. A solution of table salt and soda is also considered a household disinfectant. The use of the above solutions is associated with their antimicrobial astringent properties.

They have a beneficial effect on the affected area, prevent the spread of infection, the occurrence of inflammation and contribute to the rapid healing of wounds, cuts, etc. Now in a life special gels and medical solutions for processing of hands with antiseptic effect are applied also. Another innovation is hygienic alcohol wipes. They are in free mass sale.

Organization of disinfection

The bodies of Rospotrebnadzor have formed special departments and offices that control the types of disinfection in medicine. Annually sanitary-epidemiological services create a plan of measures for disinfecting measures. This is due to the prevention of mass epidemics of the spread of infections. In addition to the approved plan of measures, Rospotrebnadzor controls its implementation by organizations, institutions and the population.

There are punitive measures and administrative liability for non-observance of sanitary epidemiological surveillance. A number of mandatory preventive disinfection measures are provided for state institutions, educational institutions and the public. Medical institutions also have strict regulations in the field of Rostechnadzor.

Special control over the observance of disinfection measures is expected in the public catering sector. It is necessary to understand that the observance of disinfection measures is responsible for the ecology of society as a whole. In case of non-observance of prescriptions there is a risk of distribution of mass dangerous infections and, as consequence, epidemics.

Examples

In order to understand what kinds and methods of disinfection exist in medicine, we will give examples. When spread, infections have a clear relationship in all spheres of human life. Thus, for example, non-compliance with the disinfection of the hands of a child at home can lead to the spread of an intestinal infection in the kindergarten or school through objects of use. If the appropriate measures are not taken, the infection will spread through the dishes in the dining room. Then another teen will bring the infection home and infect the parents. With poor disinfection of utensils, objects in the workplace, the infection will go to work collectives.

A similar example - non-compliance with disinfecting measures in the meat and livestock processing industry will allow the infection to spread to food products. Through food, hitting the shelves of shops, in places of public catering and a home refrigerator, will cause an epidemic of contamination of the country's population with any disease. We examined the main types of disinfection in medicine.

Poor disinfection in health facilities leads to the spread of infection from one patient to another. For example, an infection can spread throughout the hospital through a medical tool or supplies. We describe in detail the main types of disinfection in medicine. This concept is quite common and it is necessary to know about it.